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26 Feb 2007

Volume 90, Issue 9, Articles (09xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 093127 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710743 (3 pages)

Y. Q. Li, J. X. Tang, H. Wang, J. A. Zapien, Y. Y. Shan, and S. T. Lee
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Highly tunable and temperature insensitive multilayer barium strontium titanate films

S. Zhong, S. P. Alpay, M. W. Cole, E. Ngo, S. Hirsch, and J. D. Demaree

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 092901 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710005 (3 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 27 February 2007

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Multilayered Ba1−xSrxTiO3 (BST) films were deposited on Pt coated Si substrates via metalorganic solution deposition. The multilayer heterostructures consisted of three distinct layers of ∼ 220 nm nominal thickness with compositions corresponding to BST 63/37, BST 78/22, and BST 88/12. At room temperature, the heterostructure has a small-signal dielectric permittivity of 360 with a dissipation factor of 0.012 and a dielectric tunability of 65% at 444 kV/cm. These properties exhibited minimal dispersion as a function of temperature ranging from 90 to −10 °C. These results are explained via a thermodynamic model that incorporates electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical interactions between BST layers.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
65.40.G- Other thermodynamical quantities
82.45.-h Electrochemistry and electrophoresis

Examination of flatband and threshold voltage tuning of HfO2/TiN field effect transistors by dielectric cap layers

S. Guha, V. K. Paruchuri, M. Copel, V. Narayanan, Y. Y. Wang, P. E. Batson, N. A. Bojarczuk, B. Linder, and B. Doris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 092902 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2709642 (3 pages) | Cited 40 times

Online Publication Date: 1 March 2007

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The authors have examined the role of sub nanometer La2O3 and LaN cap layers interposed in Si/HfO2/TiN high-k gate dielectric stacks in tuning the flatband and threshold voltages of capacitors and transistors. High performance, band edge n metal oxide field effect transistors with channel lengths down to 60 nm may be fabricated without significant compromise in mobility, electrical thickness, and threshold voltage. They have carried out a microstructural evaluation of these stacks and correlated these results with the electrical behavior of the devices.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.30.De Semiconductor-device characterization, design, and modeling

Ferroelectric and switching behavior of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer ultrathin films with polypyrrole interface

Haisheng Xu, Juhua Zhong, Xiaobing Liu, Jianhua Chen, and Dong Shen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 092903 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710477 (3 pages) | Cited 25 times

Online Publication Date: 1 March 2007

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Thin polypyrrole-poly(styrene sulfonate) acid film is employed as interface layers between both bottom and top metal electrodes of a ferroelectric polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer capacitor. The sandwiched structure Titanium∕polypyrrole-poly(styrene sulfonate)∕poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)∕polypyrrole-poly(styrene sulfonate)∕titanium shows prominent ferroelectric properties even as the thickness of P(VDF-TrFE) film is down to 500 Å. The coercive voltage as low as 2.6 V is obtained with a remanent polarization of 86 mC/m2 and a switching time of 30 μs. The cell remains good ferroelectric properties at 60 °C, which is the operating temperature for many electronics. Moreover, the sandwiched structure shows excellent data retention, after more than 1×107 of switching cycles, the remanent polarization remains as high as 69 mC/m2. The soft conductive polymer electrodes not only increase the crystallinity but also enhance the crystal dipole orientation comparing with the conventionally used metal electrodes.
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77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
84.32.Tt Capacitors
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices

Phase structures and electrical properties of new lead-free (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 ceramics

Ruzhong Zuo, Xusheng Fang, and Chun Ye

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 092904 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710768 (3 pages) | Cited 100 times

Online Publication Date: 1 March 2007

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Highly dense (1−x)(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–x(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3 (NKN-BST) solid solution piezoelectric ceramics have been fabricated by ordinary sintering. All compositions show pure perovskite structures, showing room-temperature symmetries of orthorhombic at x ⩽ 0.02, of tetragonal at 0.03 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.09, of cubic at 0.09<x ⩽ 0.20, and of rhombohedral at x>0.20. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) between orthorhombic and tetragonal ferroelectric phases was identified in the composition range of 0.02<x<0.03. The materials near the MPB exhibit a strong compositional dependence, owning peak values of the planar electromechanical coupling factor kp ∼ 43%, the piezoelectric constant d33 ∼ 195 pC/N, and the Curie temperature of 375 °C comparable to that of commercial lead zinconate titanate ceramics. The results indicate that NKN-BST ceramic is a promising lead-free piezoelectric candidate material.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
77.65.Bn Piezoelectric and electrostrictive constants

Ferroelectric rods with adjustable dielectric tunability

Yue Zheng, C. H. Woo, Biao Wang, and Z. Y. Zhu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 092905 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2709899 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 2 March 2007

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The polarization, dielectric constant, and tunability of a radial-loaded ferroelectric rod inside a highly pressurized polyethylene tube are calculated for both macro- and nanodimensions within a thermodynamic model. All studied properties, including the Curie temperature, are found to vary substantially by the applied load. The authors’ results indicate that many properties of the ferroelectric rod, including its tunability, can be optimized in this design by adjusting the applied pressure.
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77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
77.22.Ej Polarization and depolarization
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
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