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2 Jul 2007

Volume 91, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 013501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2753120 (3 pages)

J. Verd, A. Uranga, G. Abadal, J. Teva, F. Torres, F. Pérez-Murano, J. Fraxedas, J. Esteve, and N. Barniol
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Threading dislocation behavior in AlN nucleation layers for GaN growth on 4H-SiC

Y. N. Picard, M. E. Twigg, M. A. Mastro, C. R. Eddy, Jr., R. L. Henry, R. T. Holm, P. G. Neudeck, A. J. Trunek, and J. A. Powell

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 014101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754638 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 5 July 2007

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Threading dislocations in thin (<200 nm) AlN nucleation layers (NLs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on top of 4H-SiC on-axis mesas with atomic-scale steps were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The AlN NL controlled threading dislocations in an overlying ∼ 2 μm GaN layer through two identified mechanisms: threading half-loop formation and dislocation bending at V-shaped pits. Threading dislocations in the AlN film could be traced directly to bilayer 4H-SiC steps at the substrate/film interface. These observations reveal several approaches to extended defect reduction in GaN films grown on 4H-SiC.
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68.55.Ln Defects and impurities: doping, implantation, distribution, concentration, etc.
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)

Multiplexed electrospray deposition for protein microarray with micromachined silicon device

Parijat Bhatnagar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 014102 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754642 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 5 July 2007

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Multiplexed electrospray deposition device capable of delivering picoliter volumes made by silicon micromachining technology has been developed as a deposition tool for making protein microarrays in a noncontact mode. Upon application of potential difference in the range of 7–9 kV, biomolecules dissolved in suitable buffer with nonionic surfactant and loaded on the electrospray tips were dispensed on the substrate with microfabricated hydrogel features (1–10 μm) in cone-jet mode. Schiff base chemistry followed by reductive amination was utilized for covalent immobilization.
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87.85.Va Micromachining
87.14.E- Proteins
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
81.15.Rs Spray coating techniques

On the entropy flow properties of a severe tropical storm

Y. Liu and C. Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 014103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2753538 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 5 July 2007

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The relationship of entropy flow with the evolution of a severe tropical storm is investigated in this letter, based on observational analyses covering its life cycle. The formula for calculating entropy flow is derived starting with the Gibbs relation [ S. R. De Groot and P. Mazur, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1962) ], in terms of constant pressure coordinates. The results show that negative entropy flow plays an important role in the storm growth with the entropy flow being basically the entropy advection, suggesting that entropy flow analysis is a powerful tool in understanding the mechanism responsible for the evolution of storms.
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92.60.Qx Storms

Effect of nanoparticle deposition on capillary wicking that influences the critical heat flux in nanofluids

Hyung Dae Kim and Moo Hwan Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 014104 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754644 (3 pages) | Cited 37 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2007

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When nanofluids are boiled, nanoparticles are deposited on the heater surface, causing a significant critical heat flux (CHF) enhancement. The authors examined the effect of the surface wettability and the capillarity of the nanoparticle deposition layer on CHF. It is well known that the deposition of nanoparticles changes the surface wettability, but it also causes capillary wicking on a porous surface, whereby the supplied liquid effectively delays the irreversible growth of a dry patch. This study demonstrates that the outstanding CHF enhancement in nanofluids is the consequence of both the improved surface wettability and the capillarity of the nanoparticle deposition layer.
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68.03.Kn Dynamics (capillary waves)
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