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2 Jul 2007

Volume 91, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 013501 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2753120 (3 pages)

J. Verd, A. Uranga, G. Abadal, J. Teva, F. Torres, F. Pérez-Murano, J. Fraxedas, J. Esteve, and N. Barniol
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Resistance to time-dependent deformation of nanoparticle/polymer composites

Jinglei Yang, Zhong Zhang, Klaus Friedrich, and Alois K. Schlarb

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011901 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2753494 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 July 2007

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Dimensional stability and structural reliability are major concerns for thermoplastics due to their nature of high mobility of polymer chains. Here the authors report the creep experiments on polypropylene filled with 1 vol % TiO2 nanoparticles with diameter of 21 or 300 nm at different load levels and temperatures, which show that the dimensional stability of the nanocomposites is significantly improved, especially by loading small sized nanoparticles. The creep strain and creep rate of nanoparticle-filled polypropylene are reduced by 46% and 80%, respectively, compared to those of the neat matrix. Additionally, creep lifetime is extended by 330% due to the addition of small nanoparticles.
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81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.Hg Creep
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
62.25.-g Mechanical properties of nanoscale systems

Influence of temperature and photoexcitation density on the quantum efficiency of defect emission in ZnO powders

J. V. Foreman, H. O. Everitt, J. Yang, and J. Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011902 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2753540 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 2 July 2007

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The effect of laser excitation power density on the efficiency of intrinsic defect emission in ZnO powders was characterized by varying the laser irradiance over three orders of magnitude and monitoring changes in the samples’ photoluminescence. The external quantum efficiency of the visible wavelength, broadband defect photoluminescence was found to depend not only on laser irradiance but also on temperature and prior annealing conditions. This material system is potentially useful as an ultraviolet-photoexcited, white light phosphor under low-power excitation (<0.2 W/cm2) at room temperature and below.
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78.55.Et II-VI semiconductors
61.43.Gt Powders, porous materials
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing

Ferrimagnetic and half-metallic CaCu3Fe4O12: Prediction from first principles investigation

H. P. Xiang, X. J. Liu, E. J. Zhao, J. Meng, and Z. J. Wu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011903 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2753734 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 3 July 2007

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The structural stability and physical properties of CaCu3Fe4O12 were studied by the use of the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method. The authors’ calculated result indicates that the title compound is stable both thermodynamically and mechanically. It is ferrimagnetic and half-metallic. The calculated magnetic structure reveals that the coupling of Cu–Fe is antiferromagnetic, while those of Cu–Cu and Fe–Fe are ferromagnetic.
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75.25.-j Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source x-ray scattering, etc.)
75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions

Optical second-order nonlinearity of the infrared transmitting 82GeS2∙18CdGa2S4 nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass

Haizheng Tao, Changgui Lin, Shaoxuan Gu, Chengbin Jing, and Xiujian Zhao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011904 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754361 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 3 July 2007

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The infrared (IR) transmitting nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass only containing α-CdGa2S4 IR nonlinear optical crystallites, which were confirmed by x-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements, was fabricated through the controllable nucleation and crystallization of the glass with the composition 82GeS2∙18CdGa2S4 at a temperature of 325 °C far below the glass transition temperature (Tg:415 °C) for a long duration. A clear second harmonic generation (green light, 532 nm) could be observed in the transparent 82GeS2∙18CdGa2S4 nanocrystallized chalcogenide glass, demonstrating the IR frequency-doubling function of the prepared nanocrystallized composite material.
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42.70.Ce Glasses, quartz
42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
61.43.Fs Glasses
64.70.P- Glass transitions of specific systems
64.70.Q- Theory and modeling of the glass transition
78.35.+c Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering; other light scattering

High resolution structural characterization of giant magnetoresistance structures containing a nano-oxide layer

C. Y. You, A. Cerezo, P. H. Clifton, L. Folks, M. J. Carey, and A. K. Petford-Long

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011905 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754364 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 3 July 2007

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The microstructure and chemistry of a current-perpendicular-to-plane giant magnetoresistance structure containing a nano-oxide layer (NOL) have been studied using a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe analysis. It was found that the morphology of the NOL changes from a planar layer to discrete particles on annealing, indicating the dominance of surface energy on the morphology evolution. Direct evidence was obtained for significant Mn diffusion from the IrMn antiferromagnetic layer and partitioning to the oxide region during annealing.
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61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
75.47.De Giant magnetoresistance
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
68.35.Md Surface thermodynamics, surface energies
66.30.-h Diffusion in solids

Time resolved measurements of melting and solidification in Si using third harmonic generation of light

Bryan C. Gundrum, Robert S. Averback, and David G. Cahill

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011906 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2752731 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 5 July 2007

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Time resolved measurements of melting and solidification on (001) Si using third harmonic generation (THG) were performed with subpicosecond time resolution. Following 120 fs laser pulses at fluences above the melt threshold, the circularly polarized THG signal decreases by over three orders of magnitude. It regains its original intensity on solidification after ≈ 2 ns. The authors show that the THG signal is sensitive to specimen temperature, decreasing by a factor of ≈ 5 between 298 K and the melting temperature. The work demonstrates that complete thermal and phase histories can be obtained during ultrafast laser heating using single-shot THG experiments.
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78.47.-p Spectroscopy of solid state dynamics
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
64.70.D- Solid-liquid transitions
81.30.Fb Solidification
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
07.20.Dt Thermometers

First-principles calculations of the effect of Pt on NiAl surface energy and the site preference of Pt

R. Yu and P. Y. Hou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011907 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754355 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 5 July 2007

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Pt-modified NiAl is widely used as a coating material in industry. In this study, the surface energies of NiAl with and without Pt are investigated using first-principles calculations. The presence of Pt in NiAl takes the surface electronic states to higher energies, resulting in an increased surface energy, which explains some of the beneficial effects of Pt on the oxidation resistance of NiAl. The electronic structure of NiAl–Pt alloys is also analyzed in terms of the site preference of Pt in NiAl. Results show that Pt bonds strongly to Al, giving its site preference on the Ni site.
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68.35.Md Surface thermodynamics, surface energies
73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states

Brilliant and tunable color of carbon-coated thin anodic aluminum oxide films

X. H. Wang, T. Akahane, H. Orikasa, T. Kyotani, and Y. Y. Fu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 011908 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2754649 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2007

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When a thin anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) film on an Al substrate is uniformly coated with carbon by chemical vapor deposition, the saturation of interference color is substantially enhanced and, as a result, the coated AAO film exhibits a brilliant color. Such remarkable saturation enhancement is predominantly due to the carbon deposited on the inner walls of nanochannels of the AAO film, which efficiently screens the reflected light from AAO–Al interface. The brilliant carbon-coated AAO film is useful for weather-resistant decorative purposes and holds promise as an effective broadband optical limiter for nanosecond laser pulse.
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78.66.Nk Insulators
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
81.65.-b Surface treatments
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