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3 Dec 2007

Volume 91, Issue 23, Articles (23xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 232101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2818712 (3 pages)

T. Kita, D. Chiba, Y. Ohno, and H. Ohno
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Excellent soft-magnetic properties of (Fe,Co)–Mo–(P,C,B,Si) bulk glassy alloys with ductile deformation behavior

Fushan Li, Baolong Shen, Akihiro Makino, and Akihisa Inoue

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2820608 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 4 December 2007

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High glass-forming ability and excellent soft-magnetic and mechanical properties were simultaneously achieved in (Fe,Co)–Mo–(P,C,B,Si) bulk glassy alloys (BGAs). The large BGA with a maximal diameter up to 6 mm was formed by copper mold casting in the alloys, which is the largest size in FePC BGA system. The BGA with a proper content of Co exhibits superhigh initial effective permeability of over 360 90 at 1 kHz and saturation magnetization of over 1.0 T. The fracture strength of the BGA reaches 3370 MPa. This bulk specimen undergoes a plastic strain exceeding 1%, which is the largest for such large ferromagnetic BGAs.
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81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.50.Kj Amorphous and quasicrystalline magnetic materials

Observation of oxide precipitates in InN nanostructures

Soon-Yong Kwon, Zaiyuan Ren, Qian Sun, Jung Han, Young-Woon Kim, Euijoon Yoon, Bo Hyun Kong, Hyung Koun Cho, Il-Joong Kim, and Hyeonsik Cheong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234102 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2822396 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 5 December 2007

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We observed the formation of oxide precipitates (bcc-In2O3) in InN nanostructures formed during metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and/or subsequent postgrowth procedures in H2 ambient. It was found that InN is extremely unstable in H2 ambient and the activation energy of N2 desorption of InN is measured to be ∼ 0.28 eV, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of reported value of InN in vacuum. Instability of InN nanostructures under H2 ambient together with residual oxidant in the reactor facilitates the formation of indium oxide precipitates in the nanostructure matrix during MOCVD or the oxidation of residual indium at the surface, resulting in indium oxide dots.
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61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials
81.65.Mq Oxidation
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing

Ultrasensitive mass balance based on a bulk acoustic mode single-crystal silicon resonator

J. E.-Y. Lee, B. Bahreyni, Y. Zhu, and A. A. Seshia

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2822405 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 5 December 2007

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A single-crystal silicon resonant bulk acoustic mass sensor with a measured resolution of 125 pg/cm2 is presented. The mass sensor comprises a micromachined silicon plate that is excited in the square-extensional bulk acoustic resonant mode at a frequency of 2.182 MHz, with a quality factor exceeding 106. The mass sensor has a measured mass to frequency shift sensitivity of 132 Hz cm2/μg. The resonator element is embedded in a feedback loop of an electronic amplifier to implement an oscillator with a short term frequency stability of better than 7 ppb at an operating pressure of 3.8 mTorr.
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43.58.Kr Spectrum and frequency analyzers and filters; acoustical and electrical oscillographs; photoacoustic spectrometers; acoustical delay lines and resonators
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

X-ray spectroscopic application of Cr/Sc periodic multilayers

K. Le Guen, H. Maury, J.-M. André, P. Jonnard, A. Hardouin, F. Delmotte, and M.-F. Ravet-Krill

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234104 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2821379 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 5 December 2007

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The use of Cr/Sc multilayer interferential mirrors (MIMs) in optical systems such as x-ray microscopes or telescopes have been reported for the water window (between C K- and O K-absorption edges). However, their possibilities in spectroscopic application have never been described in the literature. The purpose of the paper is to report for the first time on the performances of Cr/Sc MIMs as Bragg dispersive devices for the analysis in wavelength dispersive spectrometry of samples containing N or Sc atoms. The possibility to distinguish the chemical state of the emitting N or Sc atoms is evidenced by using Johan-type and double-crystal spectrometers.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

Circuit verification of tunneling effect in zero permittivity medium

Qiang Cheng, Ruopeng Liu, Da Huang, Tie Jun Cui, and David R. Smith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234105 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2822444 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 6 December 2007

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We demonstrate the tunneling effect in zero permittivity medium using the multilayered printed circuit, where complementary split ring resonators have been used to produce the resonant electric response and achieve the effective zero permittivity near the plasma frequency. We have shown experimentally the existence of the transmission peak near the zero permittivity frequency. The application of such a structure as a circuit bend has been investigated, which shows the potential usage in the design of microwave and millimeter-wave integrated circuits in the future.
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73.40.Gk Tunneling
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
84.40.-x Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology

A time dependent dielectric breakdown model for field accelerated low-k breakdown due to copper ions

Ravi S. Achanta, Joel L. Plawsky, and William N. Gill

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234106 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2823576 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 6 December 2007

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We have previously shown that the choice of J(t,L) = 0 boundary condition in the model of copper ion drift causes an internal field enhancement at the cathode due to the accumulation of copper ions. The ultimate breakdown of the dielectric occurs due to a combination of the field increase exceeding the intrinsic breakdown strength as well as the intrinsic bond breakage due to thermal and field effects. Here, we show that the field dependence of the intrinsic bond breakage shows an E2 dependence in the presence of copper ions enabling an excellent fit to the failure data on Cu/SiO2/Si devices.
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77.22.Jp Dielectric breakdown and space-charge effects
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)

Scanning x-ray microdiffraction of optically manipulated liposomes

D. Cojoc, E. Ferrari, V. Garbin, E. Di Fabrizio, H. Amenitsch, M. Rappolt, B. Sartori, P. Laggner, M. Burghammer, and C. Riekel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234107 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2821245 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 6 December 2007

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We show optical tweezers manipulation of individual micron-sized samples investigating at the same time their inner nanostructure by synchrotron diffraction experiments. The validity of this technique is demonstrated for clusters of multilamellar liposomes trapped in single and multiple positions in the optical path of a microfocused x-ray beam and analyzed in a microscanning mode. The signal to background ratio of the first order peak shows that single liposome measurements are feasible. Multiple trapping by means of diffractive optical elements is demonstrated as an effective manipulation tool for future x-ray diffraction studies of the interaction between different sample entities.
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87.80.Cc Optical trapping

Refraction-based tomosynthesis: Proof of the concept

Anton Maksimenko, Tetsuya Yuasa, Masami Ando, and Eiko Hashimoto

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 234108 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2819605 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 7 December 2007

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Tomosynthesis is a well known technique for imaging a plane in a target by blurring other planes in the target. Commonly, the tomosynthesis is based on the x-ray absorption contrast. Recently, methods for generating other x-ray contrasts were developed. One of them, the so-called refraction contrast, is extremely sensitive to soft tissues and small defects. It was used as the base for the computed tomography. However, a very promising application of this contrast in the tomosynthesis remains undeveloped. This letter is dedicated to this problem. It includes both theoretical background and experimental implementation of the idea.
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87.59.-e X-ray imaging
07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments
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