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9 Jul 2007

Volume 91, Issue 2, Articles (02xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2755879 (3 pages)

M. Fendrich and T. Kunstmann
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Atomic force microscopic observation of surface-supported human erythrocytes

Mon-Shu Ho, Feng-Jia Kuo, Yu-Siang Lee, and Chao-Min Cheng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023901 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2755874 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 9 July 2007

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The nanomechanical characteristics of the membrane cytoskeleton of human erythrocytes were studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The self-assembly, fine structure, cell diameter, thickness, and reticulate cytoskeleton of erythrocytes on the mica surface were investigated. The adhesive forces that correspond to the membrane elasticity of various parts of the erythrocyte membrane surface were measured directly by AFM to be 0.64±0.14 nN for cell indentation, 4.2±0.7 nN for cell hump, and 11.5 nN for side waist, respectively. The deformation of erythrocytes was discussed. Standing waves on the membrane that were set up by increased AFM amplitude were observed. The propagating velocity on the erythrocyte membrane was estimated to be ∼ 2.02×10−2 m/s. Liquid physiological conditions were considered throughout.
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87.64.Dz Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy
87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles

Detection of surface brush on biological cells in vitro with atomic force microscopy

Igor Sokolov, Swaminathan Iyer, Venkatesh Subba-Rao, Ravi M. Gaikwad, and Craig D. Woodworth

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023902 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2757104 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 11 July 2007

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Observation of a brush on the cell surface with the atomic force microscopy (AFM) in vitro is reported. The number of methods to study brushes that coat living cells is limited despite their biological importance. Moreover, it is important to take into account the brush layer when studying cell mechanics. Here the authors present an AFM method to detect the length and grafting density of the brush on viable cells with resolution that considerably surpasses any existing method. The authors demonstrate this method using cultured human cervical epithelial cells, but it can be applied to any type of cell.
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87.64.Dz Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy
87.17.-d Cell processes

Fluorescence suppression within Raman spectroscopy using annular beam excitation

I. G. Cormack, M. Mazilu, K. Dholakia, and C. S. Herrington

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023903 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2756311 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 12 July 2007

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This letter demonstrates how the use of an annular beam can significantly reduce the detected fluorescence from optical components within a Raman spectroscopic arrangement. The fluorescence from the excitation beam has a reduced generation and collection efficiency compared to the standard Gaussian beam. Crucially, the Raman signal from the annular beam is collected through the dark center of the excitation light field. This robust and simple technique may be immediately applied to all Raman configurations and may find broader applicability for any spectroscopic methodology which utilizes a high numerical aperture lens and requires the detected fluorescence to be suppressed.
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07.57.Ty Infrared spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques

Nondestructive micropatterning of living animal cells using focused femtosecond laser-induced impulsive force

Takahiro Kaji, Syoji Ito, Hiroshi Miyasaka, Yoichiroh Hosokawa, Hiroshi Masuhara, Chisa Shukunami, and Yuji Hiraki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 023904 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2753103 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 13 July 2007

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Micropatterning of mouse NIH3T3 fibroblast cells was performed using focused femtosecond laser-induced impulsive force in a culture medium. The cells were detached from an upper substrate by the force and transferred to an underlying substrate with less than spatial resolution of 80 μm full width at half maximum. About 80% of the cells were confirmed to be alive at 3 h after the patterning. The force exerted to the cell was investigated by high-speed imaging and estimated to be an order of micronewtons. The force origin was not only due to cavitation bubble but also due to shockwave and jet flow.
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87.85.Lf Tissue engineering
87.17.-d Cell processes
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications
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