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23 Jul 2007

Volume 91, Issue 4, Articles (04xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 043103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2760191 (3 pages)

M. Hanke, Yu. I. Mazur, E. Marega, Jr., Z. Y. AbuWaar, G. J. Salamo, P. Schäfer, and M. Schmidbauer
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Photocatalytic nanoparticle deposition on LiNbO3 nanodomain patterns via photovoltaic effect

Xiaoyan Liu, Kenji Kitamura, Kazuya Terabe, Hideki Hatano, and Naoki Ohashi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 044101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2759472 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 23 July 2007

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Metallic nanoparticle deposition from an aqueous solution onto the +Z surfaces of LiNbO3 nanodomain patterns has been demonstrated. The distribution of the selectively deposited Ag particles was uniform and their sizes were 2–10 nm both in the diameter and height. The authors have inferred the mechanism by which the photovoltaic effect causes Ag particles to be deposited selectively on the +Z surfaces. The photovoltaic current density and the ferroelectric crystal thickness are found to be fundamental parameters of the photocatalytic deposition.
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81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects

Probing the internal geometry of a woven composite during deformation using an x-ray microdiffraction imaging technique

Richard J. Davies, Christian Riekel, James A. Bennett, Stephen J. Eichhorn, and Robert J. Young

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 044102 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2759979 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 23 July 2007

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X-ray diffraction is an important tool for studying multiphase materials because it can resolve parameters from each phase independently. When coupled with a high-flux, microfocussed x-ray beam, scanning microdiffraction experiments are possible. This letter reports on the use of this technique to image a fiber reinforced composite with a complex woven lamina geometry. These systems are difficult to study with other experimental techniques because the fibers are inaccessible and the matrix is often opaque. However, microfocused x-ray diffraction reveals how macroscopic load affects the weave microgeometry by reorienting the embedded fibers.
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61.72.-y Defects and impurities in crystals; microstructure
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep

Acquisition of a nuclear magnetic resonance signal using an electric field detection technique

R. J. Prance and A. Aydin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 044103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2762276 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 25 July 2007

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The authors describe an alternative approach to signal acquisition in nuclear magnetic resonance and demonstrate this by measuring the free induction decay signal from a sample of glycerine. Traditionally, these systems have operated using pulse radio frequency excitation and magnetic (inductive) readout. This approach identifies the previously unmeasured electric field signal associated with the precessing nuclear spins and provides an alternative capacitive (noninductive) readout. The possible advantages which may accrue from this technique include a reduction in the dead time and the cross coupling between the transmitter and the receiver, a simpler receiver implementation, and an inherently high spatial resolution.
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07.57.Pt Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques
76.60.-k Nuclear magnetic resonance and relaxation

Proximity electron lithography using permeable electron windows

Wonje Cho, Takahito Ono, and Masayoshi Esashi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 044104 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2762281 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 25 July 2007

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This letter reports on an electron source consisting of thin electron-permeable windows and a carbon nanocoil emitter. Electron windows with diameters of 250 nm were fabricated using silicon micromachining technology. Carbon nanocoils that are selectively grown from silicon were used as emitters. Field-emitted electrons from the emitters are transmitted through the thin silicon electron windows with thicknesses in the range of 15–50 nm. The electron transmittance of the electron windows was evaluated and it was demonstrated that transmittances higher than 60% are achievable for the case of electron energies higher than 5 keV. Proximity electron lithography is demonstrated using 1.5×1.5 μm2 electron windows with a thickness of 50 nm.
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85.40.Hp Lithography, masks and pattern transfer
85.45.Db Field emitters and arrays, cold electron emitters

Quantitative analysis of ternary vapor mixtures using a microcantilever-based electronic nose

L. A. Pinnaduwage, W. Zhao, A. C. Gehl, S. L. Allman, A. Shepp, K. K. Mahmud, and J. W. Leis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 044105 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2763965 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 26 July 2007

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The authors report the identification and quantification of the components of a ternary vapor mixture using a microcantilever-based electronic nose. An artificial neural network was used for pattern recognition. Dimethyl methyl phosphonate vapor in ppb concentrations and water and ethanol vapors in ppm concentrations were quantitatively identified either individually or in binary and ternary mixtures at varying concentrations.
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07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Fractal growth of nanocrystals in association with amorphous spinodal decomposition observed in an immiscible Hf-Nb system

K. P. Tai, T. L. Wang, and B. X. Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 044106 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2760145 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 27 July 2007

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Through an amorphous spinodal decomposition, dual metallic glasses are simultaneously formed in the Hf45Nb55 multilayered films upon 200 keV xenon ion beam mixing at a dose of 2×1015 Xe+/cm2. Interestingly, further irradiation induced the growth of fractals in the major glass matrix and the fractals consisted of nanosized (around 20 nm) polycrystals of bcc structure. The fractal dimension was determined by the image processor and found to increase from 1.70 to 1.84 within a dose range of (4–7)×1015 Xe+/cm2. The fractal growth in association with the amorphous spinodal decomposition is discussed in terms of atomic collision theory and cluster-diffusion-limited aggregation.
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61.46.Hk Nanocrystals
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
64.75.-g Phase equilibria
61.43.Fs Glasses
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects
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