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20 Aug 2007

Volume 91, Issue 8, Articles (08xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 083504 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2772752 (3 pages)

Jeong-M. Choi, Jae Hoon Kim, and Seongil Im
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Optically driven viscous micropump using a rotating microdisk

Shoji Maruo and Hiroyuki Inoue

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 084101 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2768631 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 22 August 2007

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An optically driven micropump using viscous drag exerted on a rotating disk microrotor was developed. The disk microrotor (diameter of 10 μm), which has three columns as targets for the optical trap, is confined to a U-shaped microchannel. To pump fluid, the disk microrotor is rotated by a time-shared optical trapping technique. The flow field inside the U-shaped microchannel was analyzed using finite element method (FEM) based on the Navier-Stokes equation. The optimized micropump was fabricated using a two-photon microfabrication technique. The flow rate of the micropump agreed with simulation result obtained by FEM analysis.
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07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems
47.85.-g Applied fluid mechanics
47.20.-k Flow instabilities
47.27.-i Turbulent flows
47.50.-d Non-Newtonian fluid flows

Thermally mediated droplet formation in microchannels

Nam-Trung Nguyen, Teck-Hui Ting, Yit-Fatt Yap, Teck-Neng Wong, John Chee-Kiong Chai, Wee-Liat Ong, Junlong Zhou, Say-Hwa Tan, and Levent Yobas

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 084102 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2773948 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 23 August 2007

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Precise dispensing of microdroplets is an important process for droplet-based microfluidics. The droplet formation by shear force between two immiscible fluids depends on their flow rates, the viscosities, and the interfacial tension. In this letter, the authors report the use of integrated microheater and temperature sensor for controlling the droplet formation process. The technique exploits the dependency on temperature of viscosities and interfacial tension. Using a relatively low heating temperature ranging from 25 to 70 °C, the droplet diameter can be adjusted to over two times of its original value. The relatively low temperature range makes sure that this concept is applicable for droplets containing biological samples.
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47.55.db Drop and bubble formation
47.61.Jd Multiphase flows
47.61.Fg Flows in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMS)
47.60.-i Flow phenomena in quasi-one-dimensional systems
47.80.Fg Pressure and temperature measurements
47.85.Np Fluidics

Rich-club phenomenon across complex network hierarchies

Julian J. McAuley, Luciano da Fontoura Costa, and Tibério S. Caetano

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 084103 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2773951 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 23 August 2007

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The “rich-club phenomenon” in complex networks is characterized when nodes of higher degree are more interconnected than nodes with lower degree. The presence of this phenomenon may indicate several interesting high-level network properties, such as tolerance to hub failures. Here, the authors investigate the existence of this phenomenon across the hierarchies of several real-world networks. Their simulations reveal that the presence or absence of this phenomenon in a network does not imply its presence or absence in the network’s successive hierarchies, and that this behavior is even nonmonotonic in some cases.
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87.15.K- Molecular interactions; membrane-protein interactions
87.14.E- Proteins
87.10.-e General theory and mathematical aspects
84.70.+p High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables

Application of ac tomography to crack identification

H. Saguy and D. Rittel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 084104 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2775046 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 24 August 2007

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The depth of penetration of alternating currents in conductors depends on their frequency and material properties. A tomographiclike technique was proposed, in which the frequency is systematically varied to detect and size flaws (emerging and hidden) in electrical conductors, based on an analysis of the skin effect [ Saguy and Rittel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 094107 (2006); 87, 084103 (2005) ]. Initial results were reported for notched specimens [ Saguy and Rittel, NDT & E Int. 40, 505 (2007) ] This letter presents experimental results on the detection of actual sharp fatigue cracks, differing from notches in terms of sharpness and partial conduction through the crack flanks. The results show that hidden cracks with arbitrary crack-front shape can be accurately identified.
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81.05.-t Specific materials: fabrication, treatment, testing, and analysis
81.70.Ex Nondestructive testing: electromagnetic testing, eddy-current testing

Highly textured, magnetic Fe(1+x)S nanorods grown on silicon

Jia Mei Soon, Lai Yoong Goh, Kian Ping Loh, Yong Lim Foo, Lin Ming, and Jun Ding

Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 084105 (2007); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2775086 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 24 August 2007

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Highly textured nanorods of iron sulfide Fe(1+x)S (0.1<x<0.2) were deposited on silicon by chemical vapor deposition using the single source precursor iron(III) N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate. The evaporation of this precursor in vacuum, followed by its thermal decomposition on silicon substrate, resulted in the growth of iron-rich iron sulfide semiconductor. Magnetic profiling of the iron-rich Fe(1+x)S rods grown on silicon revealed a Curie temperature of 360 °C; the in-plane:out-of-plane magnetic saturation ratio is 4:1, with a saturation magnetization of 19.7 emu/g.
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81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.50.Pp Magnetic semiconductors
75.50.Ss Magnetic recording materials
82.30.Lp Decomposition reactions (pyrolysis, dissociation, and fragmentation)
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