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7 Jan 2008

Volume 92, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2828458 (3 pages)

F. Pedaci, S. Barland, E. Caboche, P. Genevet, M. Giudici, J. R. Tredicce, T. Ackemann, A. J. Scroggie, W. J. Firth, G.-L. Oppo, G. Tissoni, and R. Jäger
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Surface plasmon coupling on metallic film perforated by two-dimensional rectangular hole array

C. Sauvan, C. Billaudeau, S. Collin, N. Bardou, F. Pardo, J.-L. Pelouard, and P. Lalanne

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011125 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830333 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2008

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The impact of the periodicity on the dispersion relation of surface modes supported by two dimensional (2D) structured metallic films is experimentally and numerically investigated between 1 and 5 μm. A coupling between modes propagating in two nearly orthogonal directions forming an angle of 77° is evidenced for a rectangular array of holes perforated in a gold film. The coupling results in a narrow band gap for nonzero wavevectors and in a coupled mode with a large density of states and a strong radiative damping. We show that the gap location in the (ω,k) space can be precisely tuned by changing the 2D period.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces
78.66.Bz Metals and metallic alloys
71.20.Be Transition metals and alloys
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology

Diffusion and crystallization mechanisms of Ge/Au bilayer media for write-once optical disk

T. H. Wu, P. C. Kuo, S. L. Ou, Jung-Po Chen, Po-Fu Yen, Tzuan-Ren Jeng, Chih-Yuan Wu, and Der-Ray Huang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011126 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2831690 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2008

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Ge/Au bilayer thin films were fabricated by magnetron sputtering method, the temperature dependence of resistance from room temperature to 500 °C and concentration depth profiles are measured. From the temperature dependence of resistance measurement, we found two phase change phenomena which occurred at 175 and 360 °C. The element concentration depth profiles of the as-deposited and recorded region indicate that the Au–Ge alloy is initially formed at the Ge/Au interface. The dominant diffusion element is Au atom and the diffusion path is from Au layer to Ge layer. The optimum simulated bit error rate value is about 1.4×0−6 at 9.0 mW under two time high definition digital versatile disk (HD DVD) recording speed. The dynamic tests show that this Ge/Au bilayer films can be applied to one to two times HD DVD-R.
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42.79.Vb Optical storage systems, optical disks
73.61.At Metal and metallic alloys
78.66.Bz Metals and metallic alloys

Cavity polaritons in ZnO-based hybrid microcavities

R. Shimada, J. Xie, V. Avrutin, Ü. Özgür, and H. Morkoč

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011127 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830022 (3 pages) | Cited 36 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2008

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Among wide-bandgap semiconductors, ZnO is a very attractive candidate for blue-ultraviolet lasers operating at room temperature owing to its large exciton binding energy and oscillator strength. Especially, ZnO-based microcavity structures are most conducive for polariton lasing at room temperature. We report the observation of cavity polaritons in bulk ZnO-based hybrid microcavities at room temperature. The bulk ZnO-based hybrid microcavities are composed of 29 pairs of Al0.5Ga0.5N/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) at the bottom of the λ-thick cavity layer and eight pairs of SiO2/Si3N4 DBR as the top mirror, which provided cavity Q values of ∼ 100. Anticrossing behavior between the lower and upper polariton branches was observed at room temperature. From the polariton dispersion curve, the vacuum Rabi splitting was estimated to be ∼ 50 meV. These results are promising toward the realization of ZnO-based microcavity polariton devices.
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71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
63.20.D- Phonon states and bands, normal modes, and phonon dispersion

Enhanced transmission and directivity from metallic subwavelength apertures with nonuniform and nonperiodic grooves

Zhaofeng Li, Humeyra Caglayan, Evrim Colak, and Ekmel Ozbay

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011128 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2829799 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 11 January 2008

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Nonuniform and nonperiodic grooves are used to enhance the transmission and directivity of emissions from a single metallic subwavelength aperture. By using nonuniform and nonperiodic grooves, the amplitude and phase of the diffracted power flow from each groove can be adjusted properly. As a result, the transmission and emission directivity can be further improved when compared to apertures with uniform and periodic grooves. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the finite difference time domain simulation results.
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78.67.-n Optical properties of low-dimensional, mesoscopic, and nanoscale materials and structures
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials

GaN-based two-dimensional surface-emitting photonic crystal lasers with AlN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector

Tien-Chang Lu, Shih-Wei Chen, Li-Fan Lin, Tsung-Ting Kao, Chih-Chiang Kao, Peichen Yu, Hao-Chung Kuo, Shing-Chung Wang, and Shanhui Fan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011129 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2831716 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 11 January 2008

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GaN-based two-dimensional (2D) surface-emitting photonic crystal (PC) lasers with AlN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors are fabricated and demonstrated. The lasing threshold energy density is about 3.5 mJ/cm2 per pulse under optical pumping at room temperature. Only one dominant emission wavelength of 424.3 nm with a narrow linewidth of 1.1 Å above the threshold is observed. The laser emission covers whole circularly 2D PC patterns (50 μm in diameter) with a small divergence angle. The lasing wavelength emitted from 2D PC lasers with different lattice constants occurs at the calculated band-edges provided by the PC patterns. The characteristics of large area, small divergence angle, and single mode emission from the GaN-based 2D surface-emitting PC lasers should be promising in high power blue-violet emitter applications.
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81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.55.Tv Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes

Optical anisotropy in ultraviolet InGaN/GaN quantum-well light-emitting diodes with a general crystal orientation

Seoung-Hwan Park, Doyeol Ahn, and Jae-Eung Oh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011130 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2827581 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 11 January 2008

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The crystal orientation effect on optical anisotropy in ultraviolet InGaN/GaN quantum-well (QW) light-emitting diodes are investigated using the non-Markovian gain model with many-body effects. The spontaneous emission for the y′ polarization largely increases with a crystal angle because of the reduction in the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations. On the other hand, that for the x′ polarization is shown to reach a maximum near θ = 24° and begin to decrease when the crystal angle further increases. The absolute value of the anisotropy rapidly increases with a crystal angle and begins to saturate to be about one when a crystal angle exceeds about 50°. This is because, in the case of QW structures with large crystal angles, the states constituting the topmost valence subband near the band edge become predominantly ∣Y′>-like.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)

Coherent heterodyne time-domain spectrometry covering the entire “terahertz gap”

Nicholas Karpowicz, Jianming Dai, Xiaofei Lu, Yunqing Chen, Masashi Yamaguchi, Hongwei Zhao, X.-C. Zhang, Liangliang Zhang, Cunlin Zhang, Matthew Price-Gallagher, Clark Fletcher, Orval Mamer, Alain Lesimple, and Keith Johnson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011131 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2828709 (3 pages) | Cited 52 times

Online Publication Date: 11 January 2008

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Terahertz waves, electromagnetic radiation in the spectral region commonly defined between 0.3 and 10 THz, allow innovative sensing and imaging techniques that can provide spectroscopic information unavailable at other wavelengths. However, simultaneously intense, broadband, and coherent spectroscopic measurement remains challenging. We report spectrometry using gases ionized by femtosecond pulses to generate and sense broadband terahertz pulses. Using a coherent heterodyne technique, the measurements span the “terahertz gap” with ≥ 10% of the maximum signal from 0.3 to 10 THz. This spectrometer, using a recycled optical probe beam and coherent detection, offers a high field strength and time-resolved measurement.
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07.57.-c Infrared, submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave instruments and equipment
42.62.Eh Metrological applications; optical frequency synthesizers for precision spectroscopy
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Visual phenomena of surface plasmon polaritons at the dielectric-plasma interface

Xu Xu, Feng Liu, Qianhong Zhou, Bo Liang, Yizi Liang, and Rongqing Liang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011501 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2829591 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2008

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Some interesting experiment phenomena of light patterns that appear in microwave plasma have been investigated. The wavelength of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the dielectric-plasma interface as the functions of incident wave frequency and plasma density has been calculated. The comparison of the experiment results with the calculating results has been carried out. By experimentally and theoretically analyzing, the phenomena are considered to be caused by the surface wave of SPPs at the interface between Pyrex wall and plasma.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
52.25.Mq Dielectric properties
52.70.Gw Radio-frequency and microwave measurements
52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects

Optical Thomson scatter from laser-ablated plumes

A. Delserieys, F. Y. Khattak, C. L. S Lewis, D. Riley, and J. Pedregosa Gutierrez

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011502 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830705 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2008

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We have obtained density and temperature informations on an expanding KrF laser-ablated magnesium plume via optical Thomson scatter with a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser. The electron temperature was found to decay with the expected Te∝t−1 dependence. However, we have found the electron density to have a time dependence ne∝t−4.95 which can be explained by strong recombination processes. We also observed atomic Raman satellites originating from transitions between the different angular momentum levels of the metastable 3P0 term in Mg I.
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52.38.Bv Rayleigh scattering; stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattering
52.38.Mf Laser ablation

Microplasma generation in a sealed microfluidic glass chip using a water electrode

Kyoung-Woo Jo, Man-Geun Kim, Sang-Mo Shin, and Jong-Hyun Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011503 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2832371 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 7 January 2008

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A microplasma was generated in a sealed microfluidic glass chip for the application of the miniaturized chemical detection system, especially for water contaminants. The behavior of a microbubble as well as a microplasma was observed using a 1% NaCl solution with no metal contact in a sealed glass microchannel. A microplasma formed by water contents excluding air or inert gas showed clear emission spectrum in UV, visible, and near IR range. The detection of lead was demonstrated by measuring the intensity of the Pb emission line (at 406 nm) with respect to the concentration.
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52.50.-b Plasma production and heating
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
52.70.Kz Optical (ultraviolet, visible, infrared) measurements
52.75.-d Plasma devices
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis

Active steering of laser-accelerated ion beams

O. Lundh, Y. Glinec, C. Homann, F. Lindau, A. Persson, C.-G. Wahlström, D. C. Carroll, and P. McKenna

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011504 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2832765 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2008

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A technique for optical control of the spatial distribution of laser-accelerated ion beams is presented. An ultrashort laser pulse, tightly focused to relativistic intensities on a thin foil target, drives a beam of MeV ions. An auxiliary, nanosecond laser pulse drives a shock and locally deforms the initially flat target prior to the main pulse interaction. By changing the properties of the shock-driving laser pulse, the normal direction of the ion emitting surface is locally manipulated and the emission direction is thereby controlled. In the future, this method could be used to achieve dynamic control of the ion beam divergence.
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61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects
79.20.Rf Atomic, molecular, and ion beam impact and interactions with surfaces
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

Cathode spot motion in an oblique magnetic field

Allen L. Garner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011505 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2832769 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2008

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Improper control of cathode spot (CS) motion can lead to uneven cathode erosion and shorter life, so magnetic fields are often used to direct CS motion. Here, we incorporate an axial magnetic field component into a model for CS retrograde motion based on the difference between the plasma kinetic and self-magnetic pressures. We consider the motion of the positive space charge associated with retrograde motion to generate a current perpendicular to the axial magnetic field, introducing an additional component to CS motion. The predicted angle of CS motion agrees well with the experimental data and a prior model based on electron backflow to the cathode surface.
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52.30.Cv Magnetohydrodynamics (including electron magnetohydrodynamics)
52.25.Dg Plasma kinetic equations
52.25.Fi Transport properties

Order of magnitude enhancement in x-ray yield at low pressure deuterium-krypton admixture operation in miniature plasma focus device

Rishi Verma, P. Lee, S. V. Springham, T. L. Tan, R. S. Rawat, and M. Krishnan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011506 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830001 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 10 January 2008

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In a 200 J fast miniature plasma focus device about 17- and 10-fold increase in x-ray yield in spectral ranges of 0.9–1.6 keV and 3.2–7.7 keV, respectively, have been obtained with deuterium-krypton (D2–Kr) admixture at operating pressures of ⩽ 0.4 mbar. In the pressure range of >0.4–1.4 mbar, about twofold magnification in average x-ray yield along with broadening of optimum pressure range in both spectral ranges were obtained for D2–Kr admixtures. An order of magnitude enhancement in x-ray yields at low pressures for admixture operation will help in achieving high performance device efficiency for lithography and micromachining applications.
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52.58.Lq Z-pinches, plasma focus, and other pinch devices
85.40.Hp Lithography, masks and pattern transfer
81.20.Wk Machining, milling
52.40.Db Electromagnetic (nonlaser) radiation interactions with plasma

Memory effect in argon in the presence of vacuum and gas electrical breakdown mechanisms

Momcilo M. Pejovic and Milic M. Pejovic

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011507 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2831908 (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 January 2008

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Vacuum and gas electrical breakdown mechanisms in argon at 4 mbar pressure for different interelectrode gaps were analyzed. The analysis was performed on the basis of measured Paschen’s curve, the estimated values of electrical field E in interelectrode gap d, and the estimated mean free path of electrons λ, as well as monitored of memory curves. It was shown that for d = 0.1 mm both breakdown mechanisms appear, while for d>0.1 mm gas electrical breakdown mechanism is dominant.
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52.80.Vp Discharge in vacuum
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
79.20.Hx Electron impact: secondary emission
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Nanoscale heat transfer in a thin aluminum film and femtosecond time-resolved electron diffraction

Jau Tang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2828204 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2008

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We examined nanoscale heat transfer and structural dynamics by analyzing ultrafast electron diffraction data of a laser-heated aluminum film. The excellent agreement between model calculations with experimental data allows us to elucidate the mechanism of dynamic expansion/contraction involving acoustic wave propagation from the stressed bulk atoms and the more well-understood mechanism of linear thermal expansion.
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65.80.-g Thermal properties of small particles, nanocrystals, nanotubes, and other related systems
65.40.De Thermal expansion; thermomechanical effects
68.60.Dv Thermal stability; thermal effects
61.05.J- Electron diffraction and scattering
62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations

Atomic structure of binary Cu64.5Zr35.5 bulk metallic glass

X. D. Wang, S. Yin, Q. P. Cao, J. Z. Jiang, H. Franz, and Z. H. Jin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011902 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2828694 (3 pages) | Cited 46 times

Online Publication Date: 2 January 2008

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Atomic structures of bulk glass-forming Cu64.5Zr35.5 and the eutectic composition Cu61.8Zr38.2 metallic glasses (MGs) have been studied by a combination of state-of-the-art experimental techniques and computational methods. Three-dimensional atomic configuration of the Cu64.5Zr35.5 MG is established. It is found that icosahedronlike clusters are dominant in both MGs. However, icosahedronlike clusters centered by Cu atoms are slightly denser packing and less distorted in Cu64.5Zr35.5, which can enhance the glass forming ability (GFA) by suppressing atomic movements and increasing the structural incompatibility with competing crystalline phases. The atomic arrangements from short to medium-range order are envisaged and compared between both MGs.
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61.43.Fs Glasses
61.43.Bn Structural modeling: serial-addition models, computer simulation

Deformation-induced grain rotation and growth in nanocrystalline Ni

Y. B. Wang, B. Q. Li, M. L. Sui, and S. X. Mao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011903 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2828699 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2008

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Nanobeam electron diffraction and a series of dark field images techniques were used to investigate the deformation mechanisms of nanocrystalline (nc) Ni in response to in situ tensile deformation under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experiments exhibit the complete processes of individual grain rotation and neighboring grain rotation/growth. Deformation-induced grain rotation and growth as one of plastic deformation mechanisms in nc materials was revealed. At the same time, these results were confirmed further by ex situ TEM observation on deformed sample and were also better understood by physical deformation model.
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81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
61.46.Hk Nanocrystals
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity

A multiaxial stretchable interconnect using liquid-alloy-filled elastomeric microchannels

Hyun-Joong Kim, Chulwoo Son, and Babak Ziaie

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011904 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2829595 (3 pages) | Cited 30 times

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2008

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We report on the fabrication and characterizations of a multiaxial stretchable interconnect using room-temperature liquid-alloy-filled elastomeric microchannels. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels coated at the bottom with a gold wetting layer were used as the reservoirs which were subsequently filled by room-temperature liquid alloy using microfluidic injection technique. Using a diamond-shaped geometry to provide biaxial performance, a maximum stretchability of 100% was achieved (ΔR = 0.24 Ω). Less than 0.02 Ω resistance variation was measured for 180° bending. Active electronics, light emitting diode, was also integrated onto the PDMS substrate with stretchable interconnects to demonstrate stable electrical connection during stretching, bending, and twisting.
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85.40.Ls Metallization, contacts, interconnects; device isolation
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
68.47.Mn Polymer surfaces
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
61.25.Mv Liquid metals and alloys

Magnetic and structural properties of MnAs thin films on GaAs(111)B: Influence of the growth temperature

V. Garcia, M. Bibes, B. Vodungbo, M. Eddrief, D. Demaille, and M. Marangolo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011905 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830012 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 January 2008

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The magnetic and structural properties of MnAs thin films grown on GaAs(111)B at different temperatures (160–280 °C) are investigated. A narrow optimum growth temperature window (200–240 °C) is found where the Curie temperature and the room temperature magnetization are maximized. High-resolution x-ray diffraction experiments are performed on the samples showing that the films are epitaxial for a minimum growth temperature of 200 °C. The room temperature fraction of the hexagonal phase is strongly dependent on the growth temperature in agreement with the magnetic properties.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)

Formation and electrical bistability properties of ZnO nanoparticles embedded in polyimide nanocomposites sandwiched between two C60 layers

Fushan Li, Tae Whan Kim, Wenguo Dong, and Young-Ho Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011906 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830617 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2008

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The electrical bistability of the memory device based on ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a polyimide (PI) layer was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction pattern measurements showed that ZnO nanocrystals were formed inside the PI layer. Current-voltage measurements on Al/C60/ZnO nanoparticles embedded in PI layer/C60/indium tin oxide structures at 300 K showed a current bistability with a large on/off ratio of 104. The current-voltage hysteresis characteristics at negative voltages could be modified by varying the applied positive erasing voltage. The memory device fabricated utilizing ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a PI layer exhibited excellent environmental stability at ambient conditions.
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85.30.De Semiconductor-device characterization, design, and modeling

Photoinduced metallic state in VO2 proved by the terahertz pump-probe spectroscopy

M. Nakajima, N. Takubo, Z. Hiroi, Y. Ueda, and T. Suemoto

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011907 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830664 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2008

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We investigated the ultrafast terahertz response to the photoexcitation for vanadium dioxide single crystals and thin films using the optical-pump terahertz-probe technique at room temperature. The optical excitation induced an ultrafast decrease of the transmittance of the terahertz radiation within 0.7 ps. Since we expect only the free carrier response in the terahertz range, the decrease of the transmittance is unambiguously assigned to the appearance of the high electronic conductivity due to free carriers. The conductivity increases more than ten times in the picosecond time range after photoexcitation and it is concluded that the electronic states are metallic.
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71.30.+h Metal-insulator transitions and other electronic transitions
78.47.J- Ultrafast spectroscopy (<1 psec)
78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
78.66.Nk Insulators
73.61.Ng Insulators

Optical waveguide cantilever actuated by light

Kirill Zinoviev, Carlos Dominguez, Jose Antonio Plaza, and Laura M. Lechuga

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011908 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830818 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2008

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We present experimental studies and theoretical analysis of a microcantilever working as an optical waveguide metallized from one side and actuated by light propagating inside it. Light absorbed in the metallic layer increases the temperature of the bimetallic structure and induces the cantilever bending. Dynamical properties of the cantilevers were studied using actuation by light modulated at frequencies of up to 800 Hz. The deflection of the cantilever by 400 nm was obtained while 0.25 mW of light power was coupled inside it.
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42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems

High pressure phase transitions and compressibilities of Er2Zr2O7 and Ho2Zr2O7

F. X. Zhang, M. Lang, U. Becker, R. C. Ewing, and J. Lian

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011909 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830832 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2008

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Phase stability and compressibility of rare earth zirconates with the defect-fluorite structure were investigated by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. A sluggish defect-fluorite to a cotunnitelike phase transformation occurred at pressures of ∼ 22 and ∼ 30 GPa for Er2Zr2O7 and Ho2Zr2O7, respectively. Enhanced compressibility was found for the high pressure phase as a result of increasing cation coordination number and cation-anion bond length.
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62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity

Structural anisotropy in a Zr57Ti5Cu20Al10Ni8 bulk metallic glass deformed by high pressure torsion at room temperature

Ádám Révész, Erhard Schafler, and Zsolt Kovács

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011910 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2830992 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2008

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Fully amorphous Zr57Ti5Cu20Al10Ni8 bulk metallic glass specimens were subjected to deformation by high pressure torsion at room temperature. Consecutive high resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction mapping has revealed the variation of the average atomic bond length and shown no evidence of crystallization in this excellent glass former. Difference in the sign of the atomic distortion obtained in direction parallel to the sample surface and along the cross section indicates strong structural anisotropy.
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61.43.Fs Glasses
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
62.50.-p High-pressure effects in solids and liquids

Growth of stoichiometric subnanometer silica films

D. J. Stacchiola, M. Baron, S. Kaya, J. Weissenrieder, S. Shaikhutdinov, and H.-J. Freund

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 011911 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2824842 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 4 January 2008

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We present a method to grow stoichiometric SiO2 films of only ∼ 0.6–0.9 nm in thickness on a metal substrate. Based on photoelectron and infrared spectroscopy studies, we conclude that the ∼ 0.6-nm-thick silica films exhibit characteristics only observed for >2.0-nm-thick films grown on conventional Si substrates. The films can be used as model oxides for fundamental studies and may have implications on the further miniaturization of metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
61.66.Bi Elemental solids
61.66.Dk Alloys
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