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9 Jun 2008

Volume 92, Issue 23, Articles (23xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 231901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2938921 (3 pages)

N. A. Mara, D. Bhattacharyya, P. Dickerson, R. G. Hoagland, and A. Misra
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Near-ultraviolet photodetector based on hybrid polymer/zinc oxide nanorods by low-temperature solution processes

Yun-Yue Lin, Chun-Wei Chen, Wei-Che Yen, Wei-Fang Su, Chen-Hao Ku, and Jih-Jen Wu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233301 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2940594 (3 pages) | Cited 34 times

Online Publication Date: 10 June 2008

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In this article, we have proposed a nanostructured near-ultraviolet photodetector (<400 nm) based on the ZnO nanorod/polyfluorene hybrid by solution processes at low temperature. The current-voltage characteristic of the hybrid device demonstrates the typical pn-heterojunction diode behavior, consisting of p-type polymer and n-type ZnO nanorods, respectively. The relative quantum efficiencies of the hybrid device exhibit a nearly three order difference while illuminated under UV and visible light, respectively. The responsivity for the device can reach to 0.18 A/W at 300 nm by applying a bias of −2 V, which provides a route to fabricate a low-cost near-UV photodetector.
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85.60.Gz Photodetectors (including infrared and CCD detectors)
73.40.Lq Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions
81.07.Pr Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures
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Suppressing series resistance in organic solar cells by oxygen plasma treatment

Chien-Hung Lin, Shao-Chin Tseng, Yuan-Kui Liu, Yian Tai, Surojit Chattopadhyay, Chi-Feng Lin, Jiun-Haw Lee, Jih-Shang Hwang, Yung-Yu Hsu, Li-Chyong Chen, Wei-Chao Chen, and Kuei-Hsien Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233302 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2940236 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 11 June 2008

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We demonstrate a low series resistance contact of gold (anode)/zinc-phthalocyznine in a reverse organic photovoltaic device aided by oxygen plasma treatment. The power conversion efficiency appreciated from 0.2% to 2.13%, post O2 plasma treatment, predominantly due to the reduction in the series resistance of the device. A depth profile of zinc from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study revealed a gold layer with graded zinc composition, instead of pure gold, to be an efficient hole-collector from the organic interface. The zinc alloying of the gold layer has clearly been promoted by the oxygen plasma treatment.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
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Highly efficient red organic light-emitting devices based on a fluorene-triphenylamine host doped with an Os(II) phosphor

Chen-Hao Wu, Ping-I Shih, Ching-Fong Shu, and Yun Chi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233303 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2943155 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 11 June 2008

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We report highly efficient red-light-emitting devices based on a fluorene-triphenylamine tris[4-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)phenyl]amine (TFTPA) host doped with an osmium phosphor. The sterically hindered fluorene peripheries provided a compatible environment for the osmium dopant and alleviated concentration quenching of the phosphor at high doping levels. Increasing the doping concentration from 7 to 21 wt % dramatically decreased the driving voltage of the TFTPA-based devices, leading to improved power efficiency. The 21 wt % Os-doped device exhibited maximum luminous and powder efficiencies of 29.9 cd/A and 25.2 lm/W, combined with high efficiencies at high brightness. At 1000 cd/m2 the efficiencies remained 29.2 cd/A and 22.2 lm/W.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
85.40.Ry Impurity doping, diffusion and ion implantation technology
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In vitro evaluation of flexible pH and potassium ion-sensitive organic field effect transistor sensors

Taeksoo Ji, Pratyush Rai, Soyoun Jung, and Vijay K. Varadan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233304 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2936296 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 12 June 2008

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Acute myocardial ischemia is a state of trauma of the heart muscle caused by occlusion of oxygenated blood supply. It is accompanied by an increase in potassium and hydrogen ion concentrations in the heart muscles. A flexible substrate based ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) has been designed to measure the concentration of potassium and hydrogen ions with high specificity. Double exponential smoothing technique was used to calculate background noise and explain the dependence of drain current on reference voltage and ion concentration in saturation mode of the ISFET.
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87.85.Ox Biomedical instrumentation and transducers, including micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)
87.19.Hh Cardiac dynamics
87.19.X- Diseases
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
87.19.ug Heart and lung dynamics
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Transparent and conducting electrodes for organic electronics from reduced graphene oxide

Goki Eda, Yun-Yue Lin, Steve Miller, Chun-Wei Chen, Wei-Fang Su, and Manish Chhowalla

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233305 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2937846 (3 pages) | Cited 83 times

Online Publication Date: 13 June 2008

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The deposition and optoelectronic properties of reduced graphene oxide thin films are described. Thin films with thicknesses ranging from 1–10 nm have been deposited by the vacuum filtration method. The conductivity of the thin films can be varied over six orders of magnitude by varying the filtration volume of the graphene oxide aqueous suspension while maintaining the transmittance between 60%–95%. In addition, enhancement in the conductance through Cl doping is demonstrated. The combination of the reduction and Cl treatments make the reduced graphene oxide thin films sufficiently conducting to incorporate them as the hole collecting electrode in proof of concept organic photovoltaic devices.
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73.63.Bd Nanocrystalline materials
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
85.35.-p Nanoelectronic devices
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Control of film morphology and its effects on subthreshold characteristics in dibenzotetrathiafulvalene organic thin-film transistors

T. Yamada, T. Hasegawa, M. Hiraoka, H. Matsui, Y. Tokura, and G. Saito

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233306 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2940593 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 13 June 2008

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The interface engineering of dibenzotetrathiafulvalene organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) is reported. Polycrystalline-film morphologies are successfully controlled by surface treatments of silicon dioxide dielectric substrates using hexamethyldisilazane, a silane coupling agent, to tune the average lateral grain sizes between 0.2 and 20 μm. The field-effect mobility of the resulting OTFTs is approximately 0.55 cm2/V s. The effects of the grain sizes on subthreshold properties are discussed in terms of the charge transport against the grain boundaries through the films.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
68.55.ag Semiconductors
61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries
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Enhanced performance of organic light-emitting diodes with an air-stable n-type hole-injection layer

Ta-Ya Chu, C. Y. Kwong, and Ok-Keun Song

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233307 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2942386 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 13 June 2008

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An air-stable n-type organic semiconductor, N,N-bis(4-trifluoromethoxybenzyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic di-imide (NTCDI-OCF3), can function as an excellent hole-injection layer to improve the hole injection from an indium tin oxide (ITO) anode to a hole-transporting layer (HTL). Significantly improved hole injection was achieved by introducing an ultrathin layer of NTCDI-OCF3 between ITO and HTL, leading to a lower operational voltage and relatively less power consumption. The results can be attributed to the reduced hole-injection energy barrier from ITO to HTL, as shown by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, due to the surface dipole that is formed by the NTCDI-OCF3. The thickness dependence of NTCDI-OCF3 was also examined.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Investigation on polymer anode design for flexible polymer solar cells

Yinhua Zhou, Fengling Zhang, Kristofer Tvingstedt, Sophie Barrau, Fenghong Li, Wenjing Tian, and Olle Inganäs

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 233308 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2945796 (3 pages) | Cited 50 times

Online Publication Date: 13 June 2008

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Bilayer polymer anode composed of poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) (PH500) and PEDOT:PSS (Baytron P VP Al 4083) was used to construct flexible polymer solar cells on plastic substrates polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a device structure of PET/polymer anode/APFO-3:PCBM/LiF/Al. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the indium tin oxide (ITO)-free solar cells achieved 2.2% under illumination of AM1.5 (100 mW cm−2), which is 80% of the PCE of the reference cells with ITO on glass. The simplicity of preparing bilayer polymer anode and the comparable performance achieved in the flexible solar cells made the bilayer polymer anode an alternative to ITO for flexible solar cells produced by printing technology.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
82.45.Fk Electrodes
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