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30 Jun 2008

Volume 92, Issue 26, Articles (26xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 264101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2951485 (3 pages)

Wei Xiang Jiang, Tie Jun Cui, Qiang Cheng, Jessie Yao Chin, Xin Mi Yang, Ruopeng Liu, and David R. Smith
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Design of arbitrarily shaped concentrators based on conformally optical transformation of nonuniform rational B-spline surfaces

Wei Xiang Jiang, Tie Jun Cui, Qiang Cheng, Jessie Yao Chin, Xin Mi Yang, Ruopeng Liu, and David R. Smith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 264101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2951485 (3 pages) | Cited 45 times

Online Publication Date: 30 June 2008

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We study the design of arbitrarily shaped electromagnetic (EM) concentrators and their potential applications. To obtain closed-form formulas of EM parameters for an arbitrarily shaped concentrator, we employ nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) to represent the geometrical boundary. Using the conformally optical transformation of NURBS surfaces, we propose the analytical design of arbitrarily shaped concentrators, which are composed of anisotropic and inhomogeneous metamaterials with closed-form constitutive tensors. The designed concentrators are numerically validated by full-wave simulations, which show perfectly directed EM behaviors. As one of the potential applications, we demonstrate a way to amplify plane waves using a rectangular concentrator, which is much more efficient and easier than the existing techniques. Using NURBS expands the generality of the transformation optics and could lead toward making a very general tool that would interface with commercial softwares such as 3D STUDIOMAX and MAYA.
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41.20.Jb Electromagnetic wave propagation; radiowave propagation

Tiny bubble removal by gas flow through porous superhydrophobic surfaces: Ostwald ripening

Feng-Ming Chang, Yu-Jane Sheng, Shao-Liang Cheng, and Heng-Kwong Tsao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 264102 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2953703 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 1 July 2008

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The fact that tiny bubbles are easily formed on the rough, hydrophobic surface results in difficulties in bubble detachment and removal. We show that bubbles captured by porous superhydrophobic surfaces merge into larger ones, which can detach by buoyancy. The responsible mechanism is convective Ostwald ripening because networklike pores in the superhydrophobic film remain nonwetted and provide passage for gas flow between adhered bubbles. A large bubble grows spontaneously by absorbing all small adhered bubbles due to capillary pressure differences. Our results demonstrate that porous hydrophobic film can be an efficient, passive way of bubble removal in microfluidic systems.
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47.85.Np Fluidics
47.55.nb Capillary and thermocapillary flows
47.55.P- Buoyancy-driven flows; convection
47.56.+r Flows through porous media

Resonant x-ray diffraction as a tool to calculate mixed valence ratios: Application to Prussian Blue materials

Fabio Furlan Ferreira, Paulo R. Bueno, Grazielle O. Setti, David Giménez-Romero, José Juan García-Jareño, and Francisco Vicente

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 264103 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2952457 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 July 2008

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An approach is proposed here to calculate mixed valence ratios in molecular compounds. Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction experiments were conducted to determine the Fe+3/Fe+2 ratio in Prussian Blue compounds, which were elected as an example of the use of this approach. As a result, a resonant x-ray diffraction measurement provided direct evidence that the vacant [Fe(CN)6] group was randomly absent from ∼ 31% of the structure, which was indicated by structural differences caused by variations in the anomalous dispersion term. These findings are very important for a deeper understanding of the changes occurring in properties during in situ compositional variations.
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61.05.cp X-ray diffraction
61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds

Multistability in nonlinear left-handed transmission lines

David A. Powell, Ilya V. Shadrivov, and Yuri S. Kivshar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 264104 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2955531 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 2 July 2008

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Employing a nonlinear left-handed transmission line as a model system, we demonstrate experimentally the multistability phenomena predicted theoretically for microstructured left-handed metamaterials with a nonlinear response. We show that the bistability is associated with the period doubling, which at higher power may result in chaotic dynamics of the transmission line.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
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