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28 Jan 2008

Volume 92, Issue 4, Articles (04xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 041901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2831926 (3 pages)

M. A. Avila, K. Suekuni, K. Umeo, H. Fukuoka, S. Yamanaka, and T. Takabatake
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Subkelvin cooling of a gram-sized oscillator

F. Mueller, S. Heugel, and L. J. Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 044101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2832647 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 29 January 2008

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Mechanical oscillators have a long tradition in measuring very small forces, particularly of gravitational nature. Oscillators have thermal energy of kBT/2 in each degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate the dynamical cooling of a gram-sized oscillator to 300 mK in equivalent temperature, a reduction of noise by a factor of 106 compared to the seismic background level. A simple physical model is provided for the cooling process. We also demonstrate the dynamic control of the oscillator’s eigenfrequency, aiming at providing a stationary reference point for position measurements. The method may find applications in precision measurements of weak forces.
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07.20.Mc Cryogenics; refrigerators, low-temperature detectors, and other low-temperature equipment
07.10.-h Mechanical instruments and equipment

Development of a magetnetostrictive transducer for nondestructive testing of concrete structures

S. Narayana Jammalamadaka, G. Markandeyulu, Elankumaran Kannan, and Krishnan Balasubramaniam

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 044102 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2834368 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 29 January 2008

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A magnetostrictive transducer operating at 100 kHz using rare earth transition metal giant magnetostrictive material for nondestructive testing (NDT) applications was designed and fabricated. The giant magnetostrictive Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 material was chosen as the active element for the present purpose. From the impedance measurements, the resonant frequency of the transducer is found to be 100 kHz. The performance of the transducer was validated by carrying out NDT on a test concrete block with delaminated regions, using the ultrasonic through-transmission technique and the pitch-catch method.
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43.38.Ct Magnetostrictive transducers
85.70.Ec Magnetostrictive, magnetoacoustic, and magnetostatic devices

Surface micromachined, complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible tunable capacitor with 14:1 continuous tuning range

Chuang-Yuan Lee, Wei Pang, Shih-Jui Chen, Derrick Chi, Hongyu Yu, and Eun Sok Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 044103 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2838447 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 January 2008

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This letter reports a surface micromachined, complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible tunable capacitor utilizing a simply supported bridge structure, unlike traditional microelectromechanical-system bridges that use fully clamped boundary condition at the anchors. Through the implementation of a simply supported bridge driven by two 100-μm-long ZnO-actuated cantilevers, a compact tunable capacitor has been fabricated on silicon without any warping and shown to be capable of a 1400% continuous tuning from 0.13 to 1.82 pF.
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84.32.Tt Capacitors
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices

Alignment of particles in microfluidic systems using standing surface acoustic waves

C. D. Wood, S. D. Evans, J. E. Cunningham, R. O’Rorke, C. Wälti, and A. G. Davies

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 044104 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2838748 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 30 January 2008

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We report on the use of standing surface acoustic waves, formed on a single-crystal piezoelectric substrate, to organize micron-scale latex particles into an array comprising a series of lines in an adjacent microfluidic system. The lines of particles are formed parallel to the substrate surface and perpendicular to the surface acoustic wave vector. They extend across the width of the acoustic beam aperture, with a periodicity of one-half the surface acoustic wavelength. The position and spacing of the particle arrays can be altered by adjusting the acoustic wave frequency within the device passband. We discuss the mechanism responsible for the formation of the lines, which could be widely applicable to the alignment of microscopic objects held in suspension.
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68.35.Iv Acoustical properties
07.07.Tw Servo and control equipment; robots
82.70.Kj Emulsions and suspensions
77.65.Dq Acoustoelectric effects and surface acoustic waves (SAW) in piezoelectrics

Long-period gratings inscribed in air- and water-filled photonic crystal fiber for refractometric sensing of aqueous solution

Zonghu He, Yinian Zhu, and Henry Du

Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 044105 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2838349 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 31 January 2008

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We report a comparative study of inscription of long-period gratings (LPGs) in air- and water-filled photonic crystal fiber (PCF) via residual stress relaxation using a scanning CO2 laser for refractometric sensing. Under the same inscribing condition, LPGs fabricated following the two PCF schemes exhibit different resonance spectral features. Using NaCl aqueous solution of various concentrations, we demonstrate that both PCF-LPGs possess excellent sensitivity of ∼ 10−7 refractive index unit within the index range of 1.33 and 1.35, whereas LPGs inscribed in water-filled PCF show much narrower full width at half maximum in the resonance spectrum.
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42.81.Pa Sensors, gyros
42.79.Dj Gratings
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