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8 Sep 2008

Volume 93, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 101905 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2977760 (3 pages)

Mei Wang, Yinwei Li, Tian Cui, Yanming Ma, and Guangtian Zou
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Video rate atomic force microscopy using low stiffness, low resonant frequency cantilevers

J. P. Howard-Knight and J. K. Hobbs

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 104101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2979698 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 8 September 2008

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High speed atomic force microscopy (AFM) images have been collected at 25 ms/frame using “passive mechanical feedback,” in which the cantilever is forced to respond to the sample surface at frequencies considerably greater than its resonant frequency. Through finite element modeling of the cantilever as it responds to the sample surface, the simulated trajectory and full transient response of the cantilever have been obtained. The resultant simulated image is found to agree well with the experimental high speed AFM images, showing that cantilever imaging at these high frequencies can be well understood in terms of continuum mechanics.
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07.79.Lh Atomic force microscopes

Improvement in scintillation performance of Ce, Er codoped yttrium aluminum garnet crystals by means of a postgrowth treatment

D. Solodovnikov, M. H. Weber, and K. G. Lynn

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 104102 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2981086 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 10 September 2008

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Samples of Ce, Er codoped yttrium aluminum garnet were annealed in ambient air or under oxygen flow and then sputter coated with Al and annealed in Ar. After this treatment Al diffused in the bulk and filled cation vacancy but this process is possible only after oxygen vacancy coupled to the cation vacancy is filled by an oxygen atom. The scintillator performance was improved from 13.2% full width at half maximum at 662 keV to 3.4% for a 10×10×6 mm size crystal. These findings provide an effective original approach to defect treatment in garnet crystals.
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81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining
61.72.U- Doping and impurity implantation
61.72.jd Vacancies
78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments

Evidence for ion irradiation induced dissociation and reconstruction of Si–H bonds in hydrogen-implanted silicon

Z. F. Di, Y. Q. Wang, M. Nastasi, L. Shao, J. K. Lee, and N. D. Theodore

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 104103 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2979686 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 11 September 2008

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We observe that H-related chemical bonds formed in H-implanted Si will evolve under subsequent ion irradiation. During ion irradiation hydrogen is inclined to dissociate from simple H-related defect complexes (i.e., VHx and IHx), diffuse, and attach to vacancy-type defects resulting in new platelet formation, which facilitate surface blistering after annealing, a process completely inhibited in the absence of ion irradiation. The understanding of our results provides insight into the structure and stability of hydrogen-related defects in silicon.
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61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects
61.82.Fk Semiconductors
61.72.uf Ge and Si
61.72.jd Vacancies
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
61.50.Lt Crystal binding; cohesive energy

Nanosecond laser induced ignition thresholds and reaction velocities of energetic bimetallic nanolaminates

Yoosuf N. Picard, Joel P. McDonald, Thomas A. Friedmann, Steven M. Yalisove, and David P. Adams

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 104104 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2981570 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 12 September 2008

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Thresholds for optically igniting self-propagating reactions are quantified for energetic Ni/Ti, Co/Al, and Al/Pt nanolaminates, where smaller enthalpy material pairs required larger laser ignition fluences. The threshold fluences (J/cm2) for ignition by 30 ns laser pulses focused to ∼ 8 μm spot size varied from 720 to 15 000 J/cm2 for Ni/Ti, 8.6 to 380 J/cm2 for Co/Al, and 3.2 to 27 J/cm2 for Al/Pt. Conversely, smaller enthalpy nanolaminates exhibited reduced steady-state propagation speeds ranging from 0.05 to 0.9 m/s for Ni/Ti, 0.6 to 8.5 m/s for Co/Al, and 24 to 73 m/s for Al/Pt. Increasing the laser spot diameter tenfold reduced the ignition threshold fluence by as much as two orders of magnitude.
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81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
82.60.Cx Enthalpies of combustion, reaction, and formation
82.33.Vx Reactions in flames, combustion, and explosions
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
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