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6 Oct 2008

Volume 93, Issue 14, Articles (14xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2990662 (3 pages)

J. H. Han, K. B. Kim, S. Yi, J. M. Park, S. W. Sohn, T. E. Kim, D. H. Kim, J. Das, and J. Eckert
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Formation of a bimodal eutectic structure in Ti–Fe–Sn alloys with enhanced plasticity

J. H. Han, K. B. Kim, S. Yi, J. M. Park, S. W. Sohn, T. E. Kim, D. H. Kim, J. Das, and J. Eckert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2990662 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 6 October 2008

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Microstructural investigations on a series of (Ti70.5Fe29.5)100−xSnx alloys with x = 5, 7, and 9 reveal that Sn addition is effective in introducing both structural and spatial heterogeneities in ultrafine eutectic composites stemming from a large temperature difference between two eutectic temperatures upon solidification. The microstructural heterogeneities in these ultrafine eutectic composites strongly enhance the room temperature compressive plasticity up to ∼ 15.7%.
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81.30.Fb Solidification
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.fq Plasticity and superplasticity

Local control of spin polarization in a semiconductor by microscale current loops

Y. S. Chen, S. Halm, E. Neshataeva, T. Kümmell, G. Bacher, M. Wiater, T. Wojtowicz, and G. Karczewski

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141902 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2993230 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 7 October 2008

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We demonstrate a method to electrically manipulate the spin polarization in a semiconductor on a micrometer length scale and a submicrosecond time scale. A variable magnetic field induced by a microscale current loop magnetizes the Mn2+ ions in a CdMnTe/CdMgTe diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum well, and via sp-d exchange interaction polarizes photogenerated electron-hole pairs. A maximum spin polarization degree of ±8.5% is obtained at 4.2 K without external magnetic field. The induced carrier spin polarization and the thermal heating of Mn2+ spins are resolved spatially and temporally by microphotoluminescence measurements.
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75.50.Pp Magnetic semiconductors
75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions
78.47.jd Time resolved luminescence

Determination of helicities in unidirectional assemblies of graphitic or graphiticlike tubular structures

H. Jiang, D. P. Brown, P. Nikolaev, A. G. Nasibulin, and E. I. Kauppinen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141903 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2993217 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 8 October 2008

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Here we propose a universal method for the determination of all helicities present in unidirectional assemblies of hexagon-based graphitic or graphiticlike tubular structures, e.g., multiwalled or bundled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or boron-nitride nanotubes and their structural analogs. A critical dimension characteristic of a fundamental structural property, i.e., the atomic bond length, is discerned from electron diffraction patterns by which all helicities present in the assemblies are identified. Using this method, we determine the helicity population in a single-walled CNT sample produced by laser ablation technique.
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61.46.Fg Nanotubes
52.38.Mf Laser ablation
79.20.Ds Laser-beam impact phenomena
61.72.Dd Experimental determination of defects by diffraction and scattering

Stress-induced and thermoelastic properties of Ni–Fe–Al melt-spun ribbon

V. A. Chernenko, B. Rajini Kanth, P. K. Mukhopadhyay, S. N. Kaul, E. Villa, A. Gambardella, and S. Besseghini

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141904 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2998406 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 9 October 2008

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Lattice parameters, elastic modulus, internal friction, superelasticity, and shape memory effect are studied in the vicinity of martensitic transformation (MT) exhibited by the Ni55Fe20Al25 melt-spun ribbon. In comparison to the melt-spun ribbons of other ferromagnetic shape memory alloys, Ni–Fe–Al ribbon has abnormally low elastic modulus, a record-breaking strength (>350 MPa), and large recoverable strain (up to 5%) due to both the superelastic and ordinary shape memory effects. The critical stress versus temperature phase diagram consists of two straight lines, indicating the formation of different stress-induced martensitic phases. The structural and thermodynamic results proved to be self-consistent.
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81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
62.20.de Elastic moduli
62.40.+i Anelasticity, internal friction, stress relaxation, and mechanical resonances
81.30.Bx Phase diagrams of metals, alloys, and oxides
81.30.Kf Martensitic transformations
62.20.fg Shape-memory effect; yield stress; superelasticity

Influence of reaction with XeF2 on surface adhesion of Al and Al2O3 surfaces

Tianfu Zhang, Jeong Y. Park, Wenyu Huang, and Gabor A. Somorjai

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141905 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2992632 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 10 October 2008

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The change in surface adhesion after fluorination of Al and Al2O3 surfaces using XeF2 was investigated with atomic force microscopy. The chemical interaction between XeF2 and Al and Al2O3 surfaces was studied by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Fresh Al and Al2O3 surfaces were obtained by etching top silicon layers of Si/Al and Si/Al2O3 with XeF2. The surface adhesion and chemical composition were measured after the exposure to air or annealing (at 200 °C under vacuum). The correlation between the adhesion force increase and presence of AlF3 on the surface was revealed.
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81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
68.35.Np Adhesion
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces
68.37.Ps Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
82.80.Pv Electron spectroscopy (X-ray photoelectron (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), etc.)

Early stages of collapsing pentacene crystal by Au

Kyuwook Ihm, Sukmin Chung, Tai-Hee Kang, and Sang-Wook Cheong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141906 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2998539 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 10 October 2008

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The characteristic feature of metal contacts with gold on organics is deterioration of the organic crystals during the contact formation. The unveiled key challenge is to probe dynamic details of the microscopic evolution of the organic crystal when the atomic Au is introduced. Here, we report how the collapse of the pentacene crystal is initiated even by a few Au atoms. Our results indicate that the gentle decoupling of intra and intermolecular π-π interactions causes the localization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital as well as the removal of cohesive forces between molecules, leading to the subsequent crystal collapse.
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68.35.Fx Diffusion; interface formation
68.43.Mn Adsorption kinetics
61.66.Hq Organic compounds

Experimental evidence of tetrahedral interstitial and bond-centered Er in Ge

S. Decoster, B. De Vries, U. Wahl, J. G. Correia, and A. Vantomme

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 141907 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2996280 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 10 October 2008

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We report on an emission channeling study of the lattice site location of implanted Er in Ge together with its thermal stability. We found direct experimental evidence of Er atoms located on the tetrahedral (T) interstitial site and on the bond-centered (BC) site, with a maximum total occupancy after annealing at 400 °C. Whereas Er is expected to occupy the T site in a diamond crystal structure, the observation of BC Er in Ge is more surprising and believed to be related to the Er-vacancy defect in the split-vacancy complex configuration.
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61.72.jj Interstitials
61.66.-f Structure of specific crystalline solids
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