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20 Oct 2008

Volume 93, Issue 16, Articles (16xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 161101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3000630 (3 pages)

E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser
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All-optical human cell fusion by a fiber femtosecond laser

Hao He, Kam Tai Chan, Siu Kai Kong, and Rebecca Kit Ying Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 163901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2998266 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2008

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Cell-cell fusion by physical methods has progressed slowly until the advent of femtosecond lasers in the near infrared range, which have an ultrahigh photon density and few side effects. Here we demonstrated using a fiber femtosecond laser at 1550 nm with an average power of 1.6×104 W per pulse to fuse human HepG2 and HeLa cells homotypically with an efficiency of 35%–37% in the absence of chemical fusogen. Heterohybrid HepG2-HeLa cells were also prepared. Our site-directed cell-cell fusion technique offers a precise tool for biotechnology and fundamental research in biomedical fields.
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87.63.lt Laser imaging
87.50.wp Therapeutic applications
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications
87.18.-h Biological complexity

A tough nanofiber hydrogel incorporating ferritin

Min Kyoon Shin, Sun I. Kim, Seon Jeong Kim, Byung Joo Kim, Insuk So, Mikhail E. Kozlov, Jiyoung Oh, and Ray H. Baughman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 163902 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3005596 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2008

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We have developed tough nanofiber hydrogels incorporating ferritin nanoparticles with a core-shell structure that is suitable for stress concentration reduction. The swelling properties of the nanocomposite hydrogel under external forces were enhanced, leading to fast water absorption. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the nanocomposite hydrogel measured in solutions were dramatically enhanced as compared to those of the bare polymer hydrogel. During the tensile tests, the strong bonding between the nanofiller and polymer matrix played an important role in enhancing the toughness of the composite hydrogel fibers.
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87.85.J- Biomaterials
87.14.E- Proteins
68.43.-h Chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on surfaces
82.70.Gg Gels and sols
61.25.hp Polymer swelling, cross linking
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations

Zinc oxide-chitosan nanobiocomposite for urea sensor

Pratima R. Solanki, Ajeet Kaushik, Anees A. Ansari, G. Sumana, and B. D. Malhotra

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 163903 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2980448 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 24 October 2008

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Zinc oxide (ZnO)-chitosan (CH) nanobiocomposite film onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass has been used to immobilize urease (Urs) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) for urea detection. The presence of ZnO nanoparticles in CH results in its increased surface area and enhanced electron transfer kinetics. The Urs-GLDH/CH-ZnO/ITO bioelectrode characterized using electrochemical, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy studies exhibit linearity of 5–100 mg/dl, detection limit of 3 mg/dl, response time of 10 s, reproducibility as 20 times, and shelf life of 3 months. The low Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) value (4.92 mg/dl) indicates enhanced affinity of enzyme with nanobiocomposite.
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87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy with sub-diffraction-limited resolution using near-field optical probes

Dusan Vobornik, Daniel S. Banks, Zhengfang Lu, Cécile Fradin, Rod Taylor, and Linda J. Johnston

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 163904 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2998602 (3 pages) | Cited 19 times

Online Publication Date: 24 October 2008

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We report fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) measurements using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) probes to produce a sub-diffraction-limited observation area. An order of magnitude reduction in the area compared to confocal FCS has been achieved. We also demonstrate a simple means to model the autocorrelation decay due to diffusion within the excitation profile at the NSOM probe aperture. The use of probes with smaller apertures is expected to provide an additional order of magnitude reduction in the observation area, thus enabling the study of cellular membranes with higher concentrations of fluorophores than is currently possible with diffraction-limited techniques.
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87.64.kv Fluorescence
87.80.Dj Spectroscopies
87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
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