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20 Oct 2008

Volume 93, Issue 16, Articles (16xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 161101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3000630 (3 pages)

E. Mujagić, L. K. Hoffmann, S. Schartner, M. Nobile, W. Schrenk, M. P. Semtsiv, M. Wienold, W. T. Masselink, and G. Strasser
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Modes coupling of shear acoustic waves polarized along a one-dimensional corrugation on the surfaces of an isotropic solid plate

Tony Valier-Brasier, Catherine Potel, and Michel Bruneau

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 164101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2999632 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 20 October 2008

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This paper aims at providing an analytical model, suitable to highlight the mode coupling due to scattering on small one-dimensional irregularities (parallel ridges) of the surfaces of isotropic solid plates, when shear horizontal waves polarized along the ridges propagate perpendicularly to them. An impedancelike boundary condition at the interface between the teeth (the ridges) and the inner plate (bounded outwardly by the ridges) accounts for the inertia of the teeth to describe the roughness. Using the integral formulation, the displacement field is expressed as a coupling between eigenmodes of the inner regular-shaped plate.
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68.35.Iv Acoustical properties
68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness

Mode confinement in photonic quasicrystal point-defect cavities for particle accelerators

E. Di Gennaro, S. Savo, A. Andreone, V. Galdi, G. Castaldi, V. Pierro, and M. Rosaria Masullo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 164102 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2999581 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 21 October 2008

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In this letter, we present a study of the confinement properties of point-defect resonators in finite-size photonic-bandgap structures composed of aperiodic arrangements of dielectric rods, with special emphasis on their use for the design of cavities for particle accelerators. Specifically, for representative geometries, we study the properties of the fundamental mode (as a function of the filling fraction, structure size, and losses) via two-dimensional and three-dimensional full-wave numerical simulations, as well as microwave measurements at room temperature. Results indicate that for reduced-size structures, aperiodic geometries exhibit superior confinement properties by comparison with periodic ones.
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61.72.J- Point defects and defect clusters
61.44.Br Quasicrystals
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

Electro-oxidation of organic fuels catalyzed by ultrasmall silicon nanoparticles

Yongki Choi, Gang Wang, Munir H. Nayfeh, and Siu-Tung Yau

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 164103 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3001594 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2008

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Ultrasmall colloidal silicon nanoparticles behave as electrocatalysts for the oxidation of ethanol, methanol, and glucose. Electrochemical characterization of particle-immobilized electrodes shows a catalytic onset between −0.4 and 0 V versus Ag/AgCl at neutral pH. The onset potential and the catalytic strength are dependent on the particle size. A prototype hybrid biofuel cell was constructed, using the particles as the anode catalyst. The catalytic activity undergoes a 50-fold increase under alkaline condition compared to that under acidic condition. An unexpected light dependence of the catalytic current was observed. A significant increase in the catalytic current is obtained when the catalysis is performed in darkness.
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82.45.Fk Electrodes
82.70.Dd Colloids
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
82.45.Jn Surface structure, reactivity and catalysis

Interfacial reactions between Cu alloy and GaAs

J. P. Chu, W. K. Leau, and C. H. Lin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 164104 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3006055 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 22 October 2008

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Interfacial reactions between Cu alloy and GaAs are characterized at various temperatures. The Cu alloy, as Cu(TaNx), is prepared by cosputtering of Cu, Ta, and N. While the pure Cu/GaAs is stable up to 350 °C, the Cu(TaNx)/GaAs is more stable without harmful interfacial reactions up to 450 °C for 1 h. At 500 °C, the Cu(TaNx)/GaAs suffers a relatively small extent of interfacial reactions as compared with that of Cu/GaAs that failed at 400 °C. The TaNx is found not only to retard the interactions but also to refine the grain structure. The thermally stable Cu(TaNx)/GaAs structure is thus favorable for the barrierless metallization.
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82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces

Native defects and their effects on properties of sputtered InN films

Dong-Hau Kuo and Chun-Hung Shih

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 164105 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3003865 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 24 October 2008

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The concept of defect chemistry is applied to investigate the native defects in the InN films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Growth temperature and pressure ranged from 150 to 300 °C and from 0.005 to 0.07 torr, respectively, for the purpose of changing the defects and the related properties. InN is expected to form Frenkel defects, indium vacancies, and interstitials. Other major defects for the nitrogen-rich InN films include nitrogen-on-indium antisites and nitrogen interstitials at higher nitrogen pressure, as supported by the results of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Structure, composition, and electrical properties coincide with defect types and density.
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61.72.jd Vacancies
61.72.jj Interstitials
81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
61.72.Ff Direct observation of dislocations and other defects (etch pits, decoration, electron microscopy, x-ray topography, etc.)
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
61.72.uj III-V and II-VI semiconductors

Optical moiré as a visualization tool for living vascular cell contraction force mapping

Xiaoyu Zheng and Xin Zhang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 164106 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3006430 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 24 October 2008

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This letter reports an approach for cell contraction force mapping by utilizing optical moiré effect. We cultured living cells on patterned polymer substrates and studied the diffraction moiré patterns. We found that the flexible moiré patterns generated on the periodic substrates are capable of mapping cell contraction force evolution in whole field. We demonstrated one- and two-dimensional force mappings in vascular cells. Due to moiré magnification, this imaging approach can provide a versatile visual tool for mapping the cell-substrate interactions in living cells.
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87.63.L- Visual imaging
87.17.Rt Cell adhesion and cell mechanics
87.18.-h Biological complexity

An on-chip liquid tunable grating using multiphase droplet microfluidics

L. K. Chin, A. Q. Liu, J. B. Zhang, C. S. Lim, and Y. C. Soh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 164107 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3009560 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 24 October 2008

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This letter reports the realization of liquid tunable long-period grating (LPG) using multiphase droplet microfluidics that is integrated onto a microfluidic chip. A stream of plugs is formed by two immiscible liquids and acted as LPG. It provides the tunability in the grating period by tuning the flow rates of the liquids, the refractive index and the index variation of the core layer by using different combinations of liquids. The experimental results show attenuation strength of 0.14 and attenuation bandwidth of 7.6 nm. The chip is promising as a sensor for biochemical applications and a tunable filter for optical measurement.
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47.85.Np Fluidics
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
47.55.-t Multiphase and stratified flows
47.61.Jd Multiphase flows
42.79.Ci Filters, zone plates, and polarizers
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
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