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8 Dec 2008

Volume 93, Issue 23, Articles (23xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 231101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3040686 (3 pages)

Mads Brøkner Christiansen, Anders Kristensen, Sanshui Xiao, and Niels Asger Mortensen
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Growth and magnetic control of twinning structure in thin films of Heusler shape memory compound Ni2MnGa

C. A. Jenkins, R. Ramesh, M. Huth, T. Eichhorn, P. Pörsch, H. J. Elmers, and G. Jakob

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3044473 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 9 December 2008

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Twin structure engineering in sputtered films close to the Heusler stoichiometry Ni2MnGa (001) is used to demonstrate temperature and magnetic control of the phase transformation behavior. A custom heating apparatus integrated with a commercial microscope allows the observation of the austenite-martensite transition in epitaxially clamped films. Intermartensitic twin boundaries on cantilevers released from the epitaxial strain by focused ion beam etching are shown to move in response to an applied magnetic field with a strength of 0.6 T. We also report the observation of two coexisting twin morphologies.
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75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
81.30.Kf Martensitic transformations
64.70.kd Metals and alloys
62.20.fg Shape-memory effect; yield stress; superelasticity
61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries
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Reversible photoswitching behavior in bulk resistance and in color of polycrystalline AgI at room temperature

Rahima Khaton, Shin-ichiro Kashiwagi, Toshifumi Iimori, and Nobuhiro Ohta

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234102 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3044385 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 10 December 2008

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A photoinduced reversible change in bulk resistance of polycrystalline AgI is observed at room temperature. The original yellow color of the sample changes to dark brown with UV (308 nm) photoirradiation, associated with the small decrease in the bulk resistance. A reversible switching of color between dark brown and yellow is observed by alternative UV-visible photoirradiation, associated with a switching between high and low resistance states. The observed reversible photoswitching is interpreted in terms of the photoinduced reversible change in the β-γ-polytype stacking structure of the polycrystalline AgI.
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78.20.N- Thermo-optic effects
78.20.nb Photothermal effects
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
82.50.Hp Processes caused by visible and UV light
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Acceleration insensitive encapsulated silicon microresonator

C. M. Jha, J. Salvia, S. A. Chandorkar, R. Melamud, E. Kuhl, and T. W. Kenny

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234103 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3036536 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 10 December 2008

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This paper presents the acceleration sensitivity and the resulting vibration-induced phase noise of an electrostatically coupled encapsulated silicon microresonator. External vibrations can produce phase noise in microresonators by generating time-varying stress in the resonant beams. A spring mounted resonator design that reduces the induced axial stress is presented here. Measurements and simulations show that the acceleration sensitivity and the vibration-induced phase noise of this device can be reduced 1000 times smaller than that of the previously published silicon microresonator and 10 times smaller than the commercially used high end SC (stress compensated)-cut quartz resonator.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices
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Thermal sintering of solution-deposited nanoparticle silver ink films characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Heng Pan, Seung H. Ko, and Costas P. Grigoropoulos

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234104 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3043583 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 10 December 2008

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Low-temperature sintering of metal nanoparticle inks is a promising technique in realizing large area and flexible electronics. It is demonstrated in this letter that spectroscopic ellipsometry in the spectral region of 0.75–3.5 eV can be employed to characterize the sintering process manifested by the evolution of film thickness, effective dielectric function, and percolation transition. A two-oscillator model can be used to model the effective dielectric function. The oscillator energy shifts lower and correlates well with the increase in dc conductance as demonstrated by both in situ and ex situ ellipsometric measurements. A simple model based on two-dimensional R-L-C impedance network was adopted to explain experimental results quantitatively.
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81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.20.Ev Powder processing: powder metallurgy, compaction, sintering, mechanical alloying, and granulation
73.61.At Metal and metallic alloys
73.63.Bd Nanocrystalline materials
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
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Optimal design of miniaturized thin-film helical resonators

Jiwen Zhu, Tong Hao, Christopher J. Stevens, and David J. Edwards

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234105 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3046119 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2008

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This paper investigates the optimal miniaturization of a helical resonator, which is in the form of a two turn helix. We theoretically demonstrate that its outmost dimension can be reduced to below 1% of the free space wavelength at resonance. Maximum miniaturization is achieved at an optimal metallic fill ratio of around 0.2 independent of diameter. Simulation and experimental results were used to validate the theoretical model and explore the miniaturization level achievable. The broadside coupled split ring resonators have the same optimal properties, but for identically sized resonator the helical design provides a factor of 2 greater miniaturization.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
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Efficient readout of micromechanical resonator arrays in ambient conditions

W. J. Venstra and H. S. J. van der Zant

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234106 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3042097 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 11 December 2008

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We present a method for efficient spectral readout of mechanical resonator arrays in dissipative environments. Magnetomotive drive and detection are used to drive double clamped resonators in the nonlinear regime. Resonators with almost identical resonance frequencies can be tracked individually by sweeping the drive power. Measurements are performed at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. These conditions enable application in high throughput resonant sensor arrays.
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07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
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Coupling of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond to a GaP waveguide

K.-M. C. Fu, C. Santori, P. E. Barclay, I. Aharonovich, S. Prawer, N. Meyer, A. M. Holm, and R. G. Beausoleil

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234107 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3045950 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 12 December 2008

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The optical coupling of guided modes in a GaP waveguide to nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond is demonstrated. The electric field penetration into diamond and the loss of the guided mode are measured. The results indicate that the GaP-diamond system could be useful in realizing coupled microcavity-NV devices for quantum information processing in diamond.
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42.50.Ex Optical implementations of quantum information processing and transfer
78.66.Fd III-V semiconductors
42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
61.72.jn Color centers
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Probing antiphase boundaries in Fe3O4 thin films using micro-Raman spectroscopy

Shailja Tiwari, D. M. Phase, and R. J. Choudhary

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 234108 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3046788 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 12 December 2008

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We present Raman study of Fe3O4 films of different thicknesses grown on single crystal Si and MgO substrates to investigate the presence of antiphase boundaries (APBs). X-ray diffraction and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements indicate that films are single phase Fe3O4 on both the substrates. The changes in frequency and linewidth of different Raman modes [A1g and T2g(3)] are monitored and the electron-phonon coupling parameter (λ) is computed. λ is correlated with the combined effect of strain and APBs present in the grown films and it is concluded that the films grown on Si substrates are free from APBs.
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68.55.at Other materials
79.60.Dp Adsorbed layers and thin films
71.38.-k Polarons and electron-phonon interactions
78.30.Am Elemental semiconductors and insulators
78.66.Db Elemental semiconductors and insulators
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