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21 Jul 2008

Volume 93, Issue 3, Articles (03xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 031101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2959092 (3 pages)

Di Xu, Kevin P. Chen, Kris Ohlinger, and Yuankun Lin
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Self-limited growth of laser-induced vapor bubbles around single microabsorbers

Jörg Neumann and Ralf Brinkmann

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 033901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2957030 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 22 July 2008

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Laser-induced bubble dynamics around micrometer-sized absorbers in water is studied. A single transient microbubble forms around the whole laser-heated particle due to vaporization of the surrounding water. Using 12 ns laser pulses, the bubble size increases with radiant exposure, whereas for 240 and 1800 ns pulses multiple bubble oscillations with a maximum bubble diameter are observed, which is almost independent from the applied radiant exposure. In this case, thermal decoupling of the expanding bubble from the absorber by the insulating vapor limits the heat transfer from the particle to the bubble. The resulting self-limited bubble growth can increase the precision of cellular laser microsurgery.
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47.55.dd Bubble dynamics
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications

High-numerical-aperture-based virtual point detectors for photoacoustic tomography

Changhui Li and Lihong V. Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 033902 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2963365 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 22 July 2008

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The focal point of a high-numerical-aperture (NA) ultrasonic transducer can be used as a virtual point detector. This virtual point detector detects omnidirectionally over a wide acceptance angle. It also combines a large active transducer surface and a small effective virtual detector size. Thus the sensitivity is high compared with that of a real point detector, and the aperture effect is small compared with that of a finite size transducer. We present two kinds of high-NA-based virtual point detectors and their successful application in photoacoustic tomography. They can also be applied in other ultrasound-related fields.
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87.63.dh Ultrasonographic imaging
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications
87.63.lt Laser imaging
43.38.Zp Acoustooptic and photoacoustic transducers

Quantitative detection of DNA labeled with magnetic nanoparticles using arrays of MgO-based magnetic tunnel junction sensors

Weifeng Shen, Benaiah D. Schrag, Matthew J. Carter, and Gang Xiao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 033903 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2963970 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 22 July 2008

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We have demonstrated the detection of 2.5 μM target DNA labeled with 16 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) using arrays of magnetic tunnel junction sensors with (001)-oriented MgO barrier layers. A MTJ sensor bridge was designed to detect the presence of magnetic NPs bonded with target DNA. A raw signal of 72 μV was obtained using complementary target DNA, as compared with a nonspecific bonding signal of 25 μV from noncomplementary control DNA. Our results indicate that the current system’s detection limit for analyte DNA is better than 100 nM.
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87.80.Nj Single-molecule techniques
87.80.St Genomic techniques
87.14.gk DNA
85.75.-d Magnetoelectronics; spintronics: devices exploiting spin polarized transport or integrated magnetic fields
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials

Enhancement of fluorescence intensity from an immunoassay chip using high-aspect-ratio nanopillars fabricated by nanoimprinting

Kosuke Kuwabara, Masahiko Ogino, Takashi Ando, and Akihiro Miyauchi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 033904 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2960354 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 22 July 2008

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High-aspect-ratio structures (nanopillars) were used to enhance the fluorescence intensity of immunoassay chips. Nanoimprinting with elongation phenomenon was applied to fabricate polystyrene nanopillars. Human alpha fetoprotein was detected by a fluorescence immunoassay protocol. Fluorescence intensities were evaluated for areas with nanopillars of different surface areas. The area with nanopillars of 95 nm diameter and 4.1 μm height showed fluorescence intensity 34 times higher than that of flat areas.
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81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
81.05.Lg Polymers and plastics; rubber; synthetic and natural fibers; organometallic and organic materials
81.16.Nd Micro- and nanolithography
87.85.Rs Nanotechnologies-applications
87.64.kv Fluorescence
87.14.E- Proteins

Laser induced popcornlike conformational transition of nanodiamond as a nanoknife

Chia-Ching Chang, Pei-Hsin Chen, Hsueh-Liang Chu, Tzu-Cheng Lee, Ching-Chung Chou, Jui-I Chao, Chien-Ying Su, Jyh Shin Chen, Jin-Sheng Tsai, Chuan-Mei Tsai, Yen-Peng Ho, Kien Wen Sun, Chia-Liang Cheng, and Fu-Rong Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 033905 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2955840 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 July 2008

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Nanodiamond (ND) is surrounded by layers of graphite on its surface. This unique structure feature creates unusual fluorescence spectra, which can be used as an indicator to monitor its surface modification. Meanwhile, the impurity, nitroso (C–N=O) inside the ND can be photolyzed by two-photon absorption, releasing NO to facilitate the formation of a sp3 diamond structure in the core of ND and transforming it into a sp2 graphite structure. Such a conformational transition enlarges the size of ND from 8 to 90 nm, resulting in a popcornlike structure. This transition reaction may be useful as nanoknives in biomedical application.
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64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
61.46.Hk Nanocrystals
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
87.85.J- Biomaterials
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)

Remote detection of human electrophysiological signals using electric potential sensors

R. J. Prance, S. T. Beardsmore-Rust, P. Watson, C. J. Harland, and H. Prance

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 033906 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964185 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 25 July 2008

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We describe the measurement of human electrophysiological and movement signals remotely from a seated subject. An ultrahigh impedance electric potential sensor, designed specifically to reject external noise, is used to measure the electric field at distances of up to 40 cm from the surface of the body. The sensor is able to provide continuous data acquisition, at full sensitivity, without saturation by external noise sources. Respiration and heart signals are seen simultaneously and are separated using digital filtering techniques. All of the results reported were obtained in an open unshielded environment in close proximity to line operated computer equipment.
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87.85.jc Electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of biological matter
87.85.fk Biosensors
87.85.Ng Biological signal processing
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