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18 Aug 2008

Volume 93, Issue 7, Articles (07xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 073101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2970055 (3 pages)

A. J. Du, Y. Chen, G. Q. Lu, and Sean C. Smith
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Piezoelectric response of nanoscale PbTiO3 in composite PbTiO3−CoFe2O4 epitaxial films

Zhuopeng Tan, Alexander L. Roytburd, Igor Levin, Katyayani Seal, Brian J. Rodriguez, Stephen Jesse, Sergei Kalinin, and Art Baddorf

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 074101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2969038 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 20 August 2008

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Piezoelectric properties of PbTiO3 in 1/3PbTiO3−2/3CoFe2O4 transverse epitaxial nanostructures on differently oriented SrTiO3 were analyzed using conventional and switching-spectroscopy piezoelectric force microscopy. The results confirmed that the individual PbTiO3 nanocolumns in the CoFe2O4 matrix exhibit a detectable piezoelectric response regardless of substrate orientation. For the {100} and {110} orientations, a bias of ±10 V produced ferroelectric domain switching; however, no switching was observed for the {111} films. Small values of piezoelectric constants dzz(100) ≈ 11 pm/V, dzz(110) ≈ 5 pm/V, and dzz(111) ≈ 3 pm/V are attributed to the weak intrinsic response of the nano-PbTiO3 under strong mechanical and depolarizing-field constraints in the composite films.
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77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials
77.80.Fm Switching phenomena
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Observation of superluminal and negative group velocities in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer

M. M. Sánchez-López, A. Sánchez-Meroño, J. Arias, J. A. Davis, and I. Moreno

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 074102 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2969407 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 August 2008

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We demonstrate superluminal and negative group velocity regimes in a linear passive Mach–Zehnder interferometer. This phenomenon occurs in a narrow frequency region around the interferometer’s transmission minima. Experiments are performed in the radio frequency range by using coaxial cables and 1×2 wave splitters. Group velocities of 2c and tunneling with a maximum fractional advancement of 0.12 were measured for electromagnetic sinusoidal wave packets of 2 μs width. These results agree with theoretical predictions using the interferometer’s transmission phase function. This system is proposed as a simpler alternative to photonic crystals and active or microstructured multiple-beam interferometers for sustaining anomalous group velocities.
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07.60.Ly Interferometers

Self-excited hydrothermal waves in evaporating sessile drops

K. Sefiane, J. R. Moffat, O. K. Matar, and R. V. Craster

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 074103 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2969072 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 August 2008

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Pattern formation driven by the spontaneous evaporation of sessile drops of methanol, ethanol, and FC-72 using infrared thermography is observed and, in certain cases, interpreted in terms of hydrothermal waves. Both methanol and ethanol drops exhibit thermal wave trains, whose wave number depends strongly on the liquid volatililty and substrate thermal conductivity. The FC-72 drops develop cellular structures whose size is proportional to the local thickness. Prior to this work, hydrothermal waves have been observed in the absence of evaporation in shallow liquid layers subjected to an imposed temperature gradient. In contrast, here both the temperature gradients and the drop thickness vary spatially and temporally and are a natural consequence of the evaporation process.
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47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
68.03.Fg Evaporation and condensation of liquids
47.54.-r Pattern selection; pattern formation
47.35.-i Hydrodynamic waves
47.55.Ca Gas/liquid flows

Field-driven migration of bipolar metal particles on solid electrolytes

Klaus Peppler, Christian Reitz, and Jürgen Janek

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 074104 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2973042 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 22 August 2008

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A metal particle, which is not electronically contacted but is electrically contacted by a purely cation conducting solid electrolyte, is driven into the direction of the anode when an external electric field is applied. The particle behaves as a bipolar electrode. During the field-driven movement, the metal particle changes its morphology and spreads across the surface. This process is studied in situ with an optical microscope and ex situ with a scanning electron microscope. It is discussed as an example of morphological instabilities in solid state transport.
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82.45.Gj Electrolytes
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
68.70.+w Whiskers and dendrites (growth, structure, and nonelectronic properties)
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