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1 Sep 2008

Volume 93, Issue 9, Articles (09xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 091901 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2976330 (3 pages)

Fang-Fang Ren, M. B. Yu, J. D. Ye, Q. Chen, S. T. Tan, G. Q. Lo, and D. L. Kwong
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A study of capacitance-voltage curve narrowing effect in capacitive microelectromechanical switches

Zbigniew Olszewski, Russell Duane, and Conor O’Mahony

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 094101 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2978159 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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In this letter, we report on the capacitance-voltage (C-V) curve narrowing effect, which occurs in the oxide-based microelectromechanical switches that are subjected to dc bias stress for a prolonged period of time. The narrowing effect for the noncontact dc bias stress condition is shown, which proves that membrane-to-dielectric contact is not needed for narrowing to occur. It is also shown that neither mechanical degradation nor charge trapping due to dielectric conduction or air ionization is solely responsible for the C-V instabilities reported in the literature.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
84.32.Dd Connectors, relays, and switches

Decay dynamics of quantum dots influenced by the local density of optical states of two-dimensional photonic crystal membranes

B. Julsgaard, J. Johansen, S. Stobbe, T. Stolberg-Rohr, T. Sünner, M. Kamp, A. Forchel, and P. Lodahl

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 094102 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2977605 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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We have performed time-resolved spectroscopy on InAs quantum dot ensembles in photonic crystal membranes. The influence of the photonic crystal is investigated by varying the lattice constant systematically. We observe a strong slow down of the quantum dots’ spontaneous emission rates as the two-dimensional bandgap is tuned through their emission frequencies. The measured band edges are in full agreement with theoretical predictions. We characterize the multiexponential decay curves by their mean decay time and find enhancement of the spontaneous emission at the bandgap edges and strong inhibition inside the bandgap in good agreement with local density of states calculations.
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73.21.La Quantum dots
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials
78.47.D- Time resolved spectroscopy (>1 psec)
73.22.-f Electronic structure of nanoscale materials and related systems

Superlateral growth of a-Ge film by excimer laser annealing

Wenchang Yeh, Hsinchi Chen, Hsiangen Huang, Chihping Hsiao, and Jengywan Jeng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 094103 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2977965 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2008

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90-nm-thick a-Ge films were melted and solidified by excimer laser annealing method. The superlateral growth (SLG) distance increased from 0.5 to 4.1 μm with increasing absorption coefficient of the light-absorptive underlayer. Real-time reflectivity measurement revealed that the increase in the SLG distance resulted from an increase in the Ge film solidification term from 60 to 650 ns. The SLG velocity calculated from the proportionality constant of the SLG distance and the solidification term was 6–7 m/s. It was shown that SLG grains exhibit a single-crystalline structure.
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68.55.ag Semiconductors
81.10.Fq Growth from melts; zone melting and refining
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
81.30.Fb Solidification
64.70.dg Crystallization of specific substances
78.66.Db Elemental semiconductors and insulators

Three-dimensional imaging of aerosol particles with scanning proton microprobe in a confocal arrangement

M. Žitnik, P. Pelicon, N. Grlj, A. G. Karydas, D. Sokaras, R. Schütz, and B. Kanngießer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 094104 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2976163 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 3 September 2008

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We have reconstructed three-dimensional (3D) element-specific distributions of aerosol microparticles captured in a thick quartz filter. The characteristic x rays were induced by a proton microprobe and detected by a Si(Li) spectrometer equipped with a polycapillary lens. Combining a fine microbeam scanning in the lateral plane with the sample movement parallel to the beam axis, the aerosol particles were driven across the sensitive microvolume and for Fe, Ca, S, and Si a sequence of two-dimensional lateral x-ray images was recorded. This is the first example of an x-ray element selective 3D imaging of a few micrometer sized objects with a proton beam.
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82.70.Rr Aerosols and foams
42.30.Va Image forming and processing
07.85.-m X- and γ-ray instruments
07.79.-v Scanning probe microscopes and components

ZnO film thickness effect on surface acoustic wave modes and acoustic streaming

X. Y. Du, Y. Q. Fu, S. C. Tan, J. K. Luo, A. J. Flewitt, W. I. Milne, D. S. Lee, N. M. Park, J. Park, Y. J. Choi, S. H. Kim, and S. Maeng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 094105 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2970960 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2008

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Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices were fabricated on ZnO thin films deposited on Si substrates. Effects of ZnO film thickness on the wave mode and resonant frequency of the SAWs have been investigated. Rayleigh and Sezawa waves were detected, and their resonant frequencies decrease with increase in film thickness. The Sezawa wave has much higher acoustic velocity and larger signal amplitude than those of Rayleigh mode wave. Acoustic streaming for mixing has been realized in piezoelectric thin film SAWs. The Sezawa wave has a much better efficiency in streaming, and thus is very promising for application in microfluidics.
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43.58.-e Acoustical measurements and instrumentation
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
47.85.Np Fluidics

On-chip Si/SiOx microtube refractometer

A. Bernardi, S. Kiravittaya, A. Rastelli, R. Songmuang, D. J. Thurmer, M. Benyoucef, and O. G. Schmidt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 094106 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2978239 (3 pages) | Cited 37 times

Online Publication Date: 5 September 2008

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The authors fabricate rolled up microtubes consisting of Si/SiOx on Si substrate and analyze the possibility to use them as a refractometric sensor. An aqueous sugar solution is inserted into the microtube, which leads to a change in refractive index and, as a result, to a detectable spectral shift of the whispering gallery modes. Experimental results can fit well with finite-difference time-domain simulations, which are used to determine the sensitivity of this tube refractometer. The ratio of spectral sensitivity to channel cross-sectional area of the refractometer is particularly striking and allows analysis of fluid volumes in the range of femtoliters. A comparative discussion with other existing refractometer schemes concludes this work.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
07.60.Hv Refractometers and reflectometers

Extreme “water repellency” on strong water-spreading surface without tilted degree actuation

Yongmei Zheng, Lei Jiang, Jingxia Wang, and Dong Han

Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 094107 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2977611 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 5 September 2008

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We report the self-running off phenomenon of microdroplet on strong water-spreading surface without any tilted degree actuation. It is found that when water droplet is deposited continuously gently on the porous superhydrophilic surface, the first droplet can spread strongly out in not more than 350 ms, while the subsequent droplet will run rapidly off the surface in 60–120 ms, in the absence of any tilted degree. It displays the more extreme “water repellency” than that of lotus leave or artificial superhydrophobic surfaces. This finding exhibits a unique way to design the antiadhesive surface using hydrophilic material.
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68.08.Bc Wetting
68.35.Np Adhesion
47.55.dr Interactions with surfaces
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