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23 Mar 2009

Volume 94, Issue 12, Articles (12xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 122502 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3100783 (3 pages)

Junhua Wang, Yisheng Shi, Juexian Cao, and Ruqian Wu
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Investigation of hepatic fibrosis in rats with x-ray diffraction enhanced imaging

Hui Li, Lu Zhang, Xueyan Wang, Tailing Wang, Baoen Wang, Xinyan Zhao, and Shuqian Luo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 124101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3104860 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 23 March 2009

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X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI) is a phase contrast technique that generates excellent contrast of biological soft tissues compared to conventional absorption radiography. We explore the application of DEI in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. The produced refraction contrast images of fibrous rat liver samples show clearly abnormal liver architectures. Moreover, by comparing to histological pictures, different stages of fibrosis are discriminated, and the corresponding morphological features are analyzed. Besides, quantitative analyses of texture features are presented. The results reported herein show that DEI can be a potential noninvasive technique to diagnose and stage hepatic fibrosis.
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87.59.B- Radiography
87.57.nt Edge enhancement

Reverse osmosis desalination: Modeling and experiment

Naum Fraidenraich, Olga C. Vilela, Gilmário A. Lima, and Jeffrey M. Gordon

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 124102 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3109795 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 27 March 2009

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An analytic model for the performance of reverse osmosis desalination systems is derived. Predictions are shown to agree well with extensive measurements conducted on a commercial multistage reverse osmosis desalination unit over a broad range of operating conditions. The model allows a transparent understanding of the dependence of system performance on key design and operating variables. Identifying the characteristic flow rate and length scale of reverse osmosis systems allows a universal description of the variation of the permeate flow rate and recovery factor with the salinity, flow rate, and pressure of the feedwater.
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89.60.-k Environmental studies
47.11.-j Computational methods in fluid dynamics
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