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6 Apr 2009

Volume 94, Issue 14, Articles (14xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141901 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3111813 (3 pages)

G. S. Huang (黄高山), S. Kiravittaya, V. A. Bolaños Quiñones, F. Ding (丁飞), M. Benyoucef, A. Rastelli, Y. F. Mei (梅永丰), and O. G. Schmidt
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Effect of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber microstructure on transverse optical trapping

P. Domachuk, N. Wolchover, M. Cronin-Golomb, and F. G. Omenetto

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3099935 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 6 April 2009

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We investigate numerically and experimentally all-optical control of particles inside water filled, silica, hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF). We use an optical trapping beam focused outside the fiber, through its microstructure, perpendicular to the HC-PCF and independent of the guided fiber core mode. Finite difference time domain simulations model trapping through HC-PCF microstructure: trapping along the length of the HC-PCF is well maintained despite the significant effects due to scattering of the HC-PCF core structure. Trapped silica microspheres inside a HC-PCF is demonstrated experimentally as a reversible, reliable technique to control particles in fiber independent of the guided fiber mode. We observe a broadband attenuation of the HC-PCF transmission upon loading a silica microsphere into the fiber core.
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42.81.-i Fiber optics
42.50.Wk Mechanical effects of light on material media, microstructures and particles
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

Separation of surface plasmon polariton from nonconfined cylindrical wave launched from single slits

H. W. Kihm, J. H. Kang, J. S. Kyoung, K. G. Lee, M. A. Seo, and K. J. Ahn

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141102 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3115028 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 6 April 2009

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We theoretically investigate the separation positions of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) from the cylindrical nonconfined diffracted light launched from a single slit. Through an analysis of the finite difference time domain calculations and the analytical solution of a line source on a metal surface, we find the wavelength dependent SPP separation positions defined as the lateral distance from the slit with two different criteria. These results show that the SPP separation positions can be approximated by a simple relationship given by the permittivity of the metal and by the wavelength regardless of how the criteria are chosen.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)

Electromagnetically induced transparency in acetylene molecules with counterpropagating beams in V and Λ schemes

P. S. Light, F. Benabid, G. J. Pearce, F. Couny, and D. M. Bird

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141103 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3115143 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 6 April 2009

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We report on the experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency in V and Λ energy level schemes using counterpropagating coupling and probe beam geometry. The observation was achieved using an acetylene photonic microcell. The conditions required for this observation are explored theoretically, and we show that the use of counterpropagating beams in electromagnetically induced transparency may have applications as a spectroscopic technique where velocity discrimination is desirable.
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33.57.+c Magneto-optical and electro-optical spectra and effects
42.50.Gy Effects of atomic coherence on propagation, absorption, and amplification of light; electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption
42.50.Hz Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multiphoton processes; dynamic Stark shift
51.70.+f Optical and dielectric properties

Vertical coupling between short range surface plasmon polariton mode and dielectric waveguide mode

Ruiyuan Wan, Fang Liu, Xuan Tang, Yidong Huang, and Jiangde Peng

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141104 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3111001 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 7 April 2009

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Coupling performance between a short range surface plasmon polariton (SRSPP) mode and a conventional dielectric waveguide mode is demonstrated numerically. Simulation results show that the coupling length, as short as tens of microns, can be realized because the field of SRSPP extremely concentrates to the metal surface. SRSPP-based hybrid coupler provides not only an approach to realize highly compact functional devices, such as the TE-pass polarizer with high performance, but also an integratable route for efficiently exciting SRSPP mode, which is very useful in the SRSPP-based biosensor or SRSPP-assisted emission enhancement devices.
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42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices
78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Ultralow noise microwave generation with fiber-based optical frequency comb and application to atomic fountain clock

J. Millo, M. Abgrall, M. Lours, E. M. L. English, H. Jiang, J. Guéna, A. Clairon, M. E. Tobar, S. Bize, Y. Le Coq, and G. Santarelli

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141105 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3112574 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 8 April 2009

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We demonstrate the use of a fiber-based femtosecond laser locked onto an ultrastable optical cavity to generate a low-noise microwave reference signal. Comparison with both a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) and a titanium-sapphire-based optical frequency comb system exhibit a stability of about 3×10−15 between 1 and 10 s. The microwave signal from the fiber system is used to perform Ramsey spectroscopy in a state-of-the-art cesium fountain clock. The resulting clock is compared to the CSO and exhibits a stability of 3.5×10−14τ−1/2.
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42.55.Wd Fiber lasers
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems

Highly efficient and air-stable near infrared emission in erbium/bismuth codoped zeolites

Hong-Tao Sun, Takashi Hasegawa, Minoru Fujii, Fumiaki Shimaoka, Zhenhua Bai, Minoru Mizuhata, Shinji Hayashi, and Shigehito Deki

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141106 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3115034 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 9 April 2009

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We have shown that highly efficient and air-stable 1531 nm emission can be realized in erbium/bismuth codoped zeolites. The luminescence lifetime of Er3+ at 1531 nm can reach up to 4.2 ms. Bismuth compounds formed by high temperature annealing can act as blockages of selectively closing down the “in-out windows” of water molecules, i.e., Er3+ ions are sealed in a low-vibrational environment by bismuth agglomerates even when the samples contain a large amount of water. This finding may pave the way for the applications of active ions doped porous materials in infrared photonics.
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78.55.Mb Porous materials
81.40.Ef Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization

Doping nanocrystals by in situ layer-by-layer overcoating

Hsueh-Shih Chen, Ramachandran Vasant Kumar, and Hsin-Yen Hong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141107 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3115035 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 9 April 2009

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We demonstrate that internally doped nanocrystals can be obtained by an in situ overcoating process. In the case of ZnSe doped with iodine, ZnSe cores are overcoated by interlaced iodine layers and ZnSe layers to incorporate the iodine atoms into the ZnSe matrix. Photoluminescence from the ZnSe band edge is gradually depressed, while emission from the deep-level recombination caused by iodine is dramatically improved up to fourfolds with increasing number of iodine/ZnSe overcoats. This result suggests that the impurity atoms are incorporated into the host matrix.
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61.72.uj III-V and II-VI semiconductors
78.55.Et II-VI semiconductors
81.05.Dz II-VI semiconductors
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
71.55.Gs II-VI semiconductors

Transparent amorphous silicon channel waveguides with silicon nitride intercladding layer

Rong Sun, Kevin McComber, Jing Cheng, Daniel K. Sparacin, Mark Beals, Jurgen Michel, and Lionel C. Kimerling

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141108 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3117363 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 9 April 2009

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We have experimentally demonstrated single mode amorphous silicon channel waveguides with low optical transmission loss of 2.7±0.4 dB/cm for TE mode in the 1550 nm range. This result was achieved by using hydrogen passivation of a-Si dangling bonds and a thin, low loss silicon nitride intercladding layer prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition between the waveguide core and the oxide cladding layer. The silicon nitride intercladding layer reduces waveguide sidewall roughness scattering and preserves the hydrogen passivation.
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42.82.Et Waveguides, couplers, and arrays
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
81.65.Rv Passivation

High speed pulsed electrical spin injection in spin-light emitting diode

V. G. Truong, P.-H. Binh, P. Renucci, M. Tran, Y. Lu, H. Jaffrès, J.-M. George, C. Deranlot, A. Lemaître, T. Amand, and X. Marie

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141109 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3110990 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 10 April 2009

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We demonstrate high speed pulsed electrical spin injection from a CoFeB/MgO spin injector into a AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor light emitting diode. Under pulsed electrical excitation, time-resolved electroluminescence on nanosecond time scale exhibits a plateau of circular polarization degree as high as 15% under a 0.8 T magnetic field. It follows an initial decay that could be due to electron spin-relaxation process in the quantum well embedded in the intrinsic region of the diode. The temporal buildup of the electronic spin polarization degree in the quantum well is much faster than the rise time of electroluminescence intensity.
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72.25.Hg Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
78.60.Fi Electroluminescence
78.47.jd Time resolved luminescence
78.67.De Quantum wells

Photonic crystal heteroslab-edge microcavity with high quality factor surface mode for index sensing

Tsan-Wen Lu, Yi-Hua Hsiao, Wei-De Ho, and Po-Tsung Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141110 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3117225 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 10 April 2009

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In this report, we propose a photonic crystal heteroslab-edge microcavity design for optical index sensing, where the high quality (Q) surface mode is confined by mode-gap effect. By optimizing the barrier region of the microcavity, high Q factor of 6.6×105 is obtained in simulations. Lasing actions with high Q factor and low threshold of 6400 and 0.55 mW are obtained from the real devices. High index sensing response and small detectable index variation of 625 nm per refractive index unit and 3.6×10−6 are obtained in simulations.
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07.60.Hv Refractometers and reflectometers
42.15.Eq Optical system design
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers
42.55.Tv Photonic crystal lasers and coherent effects
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.62.Eh Metrological applications; optical frequency synthesizers for precision spectroscopy

High output power density from GaN-based two-dimensional nanorod light-emitting diode arrays

Ya-Ju Lee, Shawn-Yu Lin, Ching-Hua Chiu, Tien-Chang Lu, Hao-Chung Kuo, Shing-Chung Wang, Sameer Chhajed, Jong Kyu Kim, and E. Fred Schubert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141111 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3119192 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 10 April 2009

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Show Abstract
Here we propose and realize a scheme for making a direct contact to a two-dimensional nanorod light-emitting diode (LED) array using the oblique-angle deposition approach. And, more importantly, we demonstrate highly efficient electrical carrier injection into the nanorods. As a result, we show that at a 20 mA dc current injection, the light output power density of our nanorod LED array is 3700 mW cm−2. More general, this contact scheme will pave the ways for making direct contacts to other kinds of nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
81.15.-z Methods of deposition of films and coatings; film growth and epitaxy
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