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18 May 2009

Volume 94, Issue 20, Articles (20xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203301 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3133902 (3 pages)

Zihong Liu, Joon Hak Oh, Mark E. Roberts, Peng Wei, Bipul C. Paul, Masaki Okajima, Yoshio Nishi, and Zhenan Bao
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Electroelastic optical fiber positioning with submicrometer accuracy: Model and experiment

Guggi Kofod, Denis N. Mc Carthy, Jan Krissler, Günter Lang, and Grace Jordan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202901 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3134002 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 18 May 2009

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We present accurate electromechanical measurements on a balanced push-pull dielectric elastomer actuator, demonstrating submicrometer accurate position control. An analytical model based on a simplified pure-shear dielectric elastomer film with prestretch is found to capture the voltage-displacement behavior, with reduced output due to the boundary conditions. Two complementary experiments show that actuation coefficients of 0.5–1 nm/V2 are obtainable with the demonstrated device, enabling motion control with submicrometer accuracy in a voltage range below 200 V.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems
07.07.Tw Servo and control equipment; robots
06.60.Sx Positioning and alignment; manipulating, remote handling
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices
42.81.Wg Other fiber-optical devices

Magnetoelectric effect of polymer electrolyte composites with Terfenol-D and lead zirconate titanate inclusions

K. H. Chau, Y. W. Wong, and F. G. Shin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202902 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3138133 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 19 May 2009

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The magnetoelectric effects of three-phase composites in 0-0-3 connectivity were investigated. The composites consist of particulate Terfenol-D and lead zirconate titanate blended in different polymer matrices. The magnetoelectric coefficient αq, which is the charge density change in response to a change in the applied magnetic field, of the samples was measured under short circuit condition. The results show that the αq of the samples with an electrolytic polymer matrix is larger than that of the samples with an insulating matrix, while samples with an ion-doped electrolytic polymer matrix exhibit the largest αq. These results conform with the expectation that higher matrix conductivity has an effect of enhancing the magnetoelectric signals.
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75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
66.30.H- Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals
82.45.Wx Polymers and organic materials in electrochemistry
82.45.Gj Electrolytes

Competing A-site and B-site driven ferroelectric instabilities in the (1−x)PbTiO3-(x)BiAlO3 system

Ajay Kumar Kalyani, Rohini Garg, and Rajeev Ranjan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202903 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3136855 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 20 May 2009

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The system (1−x)PbTiO3-(x)BiAlO3 has been investigated with regard to its solid solubility, crystal structure, microstructure, and ferroelectric transition. The unit cell volume and the tetragonality exhibit anomalous behavior near x = 0.10. The Curie point (TC) of PbTiO3 was however found to be nearly unchanged. The study seems to suggest that the decrease in the stability of the ferroelectric state due to dilution of the Ti-sublattice by smaller sized Al+3 ions is compensated by the increase in the ferroelectric stability by the Bi+3 ions.
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77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds

Evidence of nanosecond-scale charge injection during domain switching from fast imprint measurements in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films at low temperatures

A. Q. Jiang, H. H. Yu, and T. A. Tang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202904 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3139771 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 20 May 2009

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Fast imprint measurements of coercive voltages from domain switching current after various dc biasing voltages at low temperatures evidence multilevel interfacial charge injections in Pt/IrO2/Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3/IrO2/Pt thin-film capacitors with suppressed thermal noises. Initially, a quick charge injection occurs during domain switching with injection current equal to domain switching current. After completion of polarization reversal, a slow charge injection continues with ultimate injected charge density nearly independent of biasing voltages at 77.6 K. This is very different from normal observations of a semilogarithmic time dependence of the coercive voltage at room temperature above 1 μs.
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81.15.Aa Theory and models of film growth
72.20.-i Conductivity phenomena in semiconductors and insulators
72.25.Hg Electrical injection of spin polarized carriers
73.50.Td Noise processes and phenomena

High-energy density in aromatic polyurea thin films

Yong Wang, Xin Zhou, Minren Lin, and Q. M. Zhang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202905 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3142388 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2009

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This letter investigates dielectric responses of aromatic polyurea thin films fabricated through vapor deposition polymerization. The high quality polymer films exhibit high breakdown field (800 MV/m) and high-energy density (>12 J/cm3) at room temperature. These values decrease slightly from room temperature to 180 °C. Linear dielectric responses were found in the films even under high fields and high temperatures with a high charge-discharge efficiency (>90%). These high performance features make aromatic polyurea attractive for high-energy density capacitors, especially under high temperatures.
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77.84.Jd Polymers; organic compounds
82.35.-x Polymers: properties; reactions; polymerization
77.22.Jp Dielectric breakdown and space-charge effects
77.55.-g Dielectric thin films

Localized electronic states induced by defects and possible origin of ferroelectricity in strontium titanate thin films

Y. S. Kim, J. Kim, S. J. Moon, W. S. Choi, Y. J. Chang, J.-G. Yoon, J. Yu, J.-S. Chung, and T. W. Noh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202906 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3139767 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2009

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Several defect configurations including oxygen vacancies have been investigated as possible origins of the reported room-temperature ferroelectricity of strontium titanate (STO) thin films [ Y. S. Kim et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 042908 (2007) ]. First-principles calculations revealed that the Sr–O–O vacancy complexes create deep localized states in the band gap of SrTiO3 without affecting its insulating property. These results are consistent with electronic structural changes determined from optical transmission and x-ray absorption measurements. Our work suggests importance of oxygen vacancies and their complexes in understanding of electronic properties of perovskite oxide thin films, including STO.
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77.55.-g Dielectric thin films
77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
61.72.jd Vacancies
71.20.Ps Other inorganic compounds
71.55.Ht Other nonmetals
78.66.Nk Insulators
78.70.Dm X-ray absorption spectra
71.15.-m Methods of electronic structure calculations

Tetragonal micro/nanotwins in 0.91Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.09PbTiO3 revealed by reciprocal space mapping

W. S. Chang, L. C. Lim, P. Yang, H. Miao, C.-S. Tu, Qiming Chen, and A. K. Soh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 202907 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3133874 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 22 May 2009

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Reciprocal space mapping (RSM) of the relaxor ferroelectric 0.91Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3−0.09PbTiO3 (PZN-9%PT) single crystals has been performed by using high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction as a function of temperature. The PZN–9%PT crystal consists of tetragonal micro/nanotwin domains and undergoes a sequence of rhombohedral+tetragonal→tetragonal→cubic phase transformation upon heating. The rhombohedral-to-tetragonal temperature occurs at ≅ 70 °C. The observed RSM patterns can be explained by the micro/nanotwin structures and their corresponding diffraction patterns.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds
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