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18 May 2009

Volume 94, Issue 20, Articles (20xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203301 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3133902 (3 pages)

Zihong Liu, Joon Hak Oh, Mark E. Roberts, Peng Wei, Bipul C. Paul, Masaki Okajima, Yoshio Nishi, and Zhenan Bao
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Solution-processed flexible organic transistors showing very-low subthreshold slope with a bilayer polymeric dielectric on plastic

Zihong Liu, Joon Hak Oh, Mark E. Roberts, Peng Wei, Bipul C. Paul, Masaki Okajima, Yoshio Nishi, and Zhenan Bao

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203301 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3133902 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 18 May 2009

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We demonstrate low-voltage, solution-processed organic transistors on rough plastic substrates with a carrier mobility over 0.2 cm2/V s, a turn-on voltage of near 0 V, and a record low subthreshold slope of ∼ 80 mV/decade in ambient conditions. These exceptional characteristics are attributed to (1) a device stacking architecture with a conducting polymeric gate and a double layered dielectric composed of low-temperature cross-linked poly(4-vinylphenol), (2) a low interface trap density achieved by modifying the dielectric surface with a phenyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer from 4-phenylbutyltrichlorosilane, and (3) controlled crystallization of a small-molecule organic semiconductor film with favorable charge transport microstructure and a low bulk trap density as deposited by an optimized solution-shearing process. The device performance under different operating voltages was also examined and discussed.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Ultralow threshold laser action from toroidal polymer microcavity

Abdullah Tulek, Duygu Akbulut, and Mehmet Bayindir

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203302 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141730 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2009

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We report laser action from a toroidal microcavity coated with π-conjugated polymer. An ultralow threshold value of ∼ 200 pJ/pulse is achieved by free space excitation in ambient conditions. This is the lowest threshold energy obtained in microtoroid lasers by free space excitation. The effective refractive index of the polymer, extracted from Fourier analysis of emission spectra, is 1.787, which is very close to measured value of 1.790 indicating that laser modes are located around the circumference of the cavity as whispering gallery resonances.
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42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.30.Kq Fourier optics
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Interfacial electronic structures of C60 molecules on a K-doped CuPc surface

Chiu-Ping Cheng (鄭秋平), Wen-Yen Chen (陳文彥), Ching-Hsuan Wei (魏竟軒), and Tun-Wen Pi (皮敦文)

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203303 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3136863 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2009

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The evolution of interfacial electronic structures of C60 on a K-doped CuPc surface is studied via synchrotron-radiation photoemission spectroscopy. Layer-by-layer growth has been identified. As the heterointerface formed, the K diffuses into the C60 overlayer, and transfers negative charge into the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of C60, resulting in a significant interfacial dipole potential. With K doping, increased photon absorption, due to the existence of gap states, and an enhanced energy-level difference between the LUMO of C60 and the highest occupied molecular orbital of CuPc could possibly improve the efficiency of organic photovoltaic devices.
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71.20.Tx Fullerenes and related materials; intercalation compounds
61.48.-c Structure of fullerenes and related hollow and planar molecular structures
73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
66.30.-h Diffusion in solids
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Hybrid bipolar transistors and inverters of nanoribbon crystals

Yajie Zhang, Qingxin Tang, Hongxiang Li, and Wenping Hu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203304 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141734 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2009

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A “hybrid” structure based on organic (p-type) and inorganic (n-type) single crystalline nanoribbons was introduced for the fabrication of organic bipolar field-effect transistors and inverters. The devices were fabricated based on individual organic single crystalline nanoribbon of copper phthalocyanine as p-channel and individual inorganic single crystalline nanoribbon of zinc oxide as n-channel. All transistors exhibited high performance and nice bipolar behavior with hole mobility up to ∼ 0.62 cm2/V s. With the integration of n- and p- transistors together organic single crystalline complementary inverters were fabricated. The maximum gain of the inverters reached 29. The high performance of the transistors and inverters indicated the potential application of the hybrid structure and nanoribbon crystals for organic electronics.
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85.30.Pq Bipolar transistors
85.30.Tv Field effect devices
81.07.Pr Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures
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Carrier transport in benzodithiophene-dimer field-effect transistors with pentacene crystallinity control layers

Y. Matsumoto, S. Takamiya, A. Kurokawa, H. Osuga, K. Uno, and Ichiro Tanaka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203305 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141518 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 22 May 2009

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The carrier transport in the benzodithiophene (BDT)-dimer films plays significant role for high carrier mobility of BDT-dimer field-effect transistors (FETs) using very thin pentacene layers as crystallinity control layers (CCLs). When the grains of the BDT-dimer films are small, the carrier mobility is not only low but also depends on the average thickness of the pentacene-CCLs. However, it is independent from the thickness of the CCLs when the grain size of the BDT-dimer films is large enough, and becomes as high as 0.76 cm2 V−1 s−1. This result shows that the high carrier mobility of pentacene-CCL/BDT-dimer FETs is due to the carrier transport in the BDT-dimer films.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
72.20.Ht High-field and nonlinear effects
73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
73.50.Fq High-field and nonlinear effects
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Influence of chemical doping on the performance of organic photovoltaic cells

Calvin K. Chan, Wei Zhao, Antoine Kahn, and Ian G. Hill

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 203306 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3138131 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 22 May 2009

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The power conversion efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells can be greatly enhanced by chemical doping to control the conductivity of the organic thin films. We demonstrate a nearly twofold improvement in the efficiency of planar heterojunction copper phthalocyanine/fullerene cells by n-doping the electron acceptor layer with decamethylcobaltocene in the vicinity of the fullerene/cathode interface. Doping improves the charge extraction efficiency and decreases the series resistance of the organic films, improving the current density and fill factor, respectively.
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85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices
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