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9 Feb 2009

Volume 94, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062105 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3079078 (3 pages)

Ikai Lo, Chia-Ho Hsieh, Yu-Chi Hsu, Wen-Yuan Pang, and Ming-Chi Chou
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Enhanced piezoelectric properties of (Bi0.5K0.5+xLiy)TiO3 ceramics by K nonstoichiometry and Li addition

Y. S. Sung, H. M. Lee, W. Du, H. G. Yeo, S. C. Lee, J. H. Cho, T. K. Song, and M. H. Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062901 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3081018 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 10 February 2009

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Effects of K nonstoichiometry and Li addition on piezoelectric and dielectric properties of (Bi0.5K0.5+xLiy)TiO3 ceramics were studied in the range of x = −8–1 and y = 0–5 mol % from the stoichiometric K0.5. A tetragonal perovskite structure was maintained at all compositions despite the formation of secondary phases with K deficiency. Piezoelectric coefficient (d33) was improved from 13 pC/N at x = 0 mol % to 32 pC/N at x = −5 mol % due to K vacancies facilitating domain walls movement. It was further enhanced showing a peak value of 103 pC/N at x = −5 and y = 3 mol % due to the microstructure improved with the tetragonality optimized by Li addition.
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77.84.Ek Niobates and tantalates
77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
77.65.-j Piezoelectricity and electromechanical effects
61.66.Bi Elemental solids
61.66.Dk Alloys
77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
61.72.jd Vacancies

Studying macromolecular solutions without wall effects by stroboscopic small-angle x-ray scattering

Rita Graceffa, Manfred Burghammer, Richard J. Davies, Cyril Ponchut, and Christian Riekel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062902 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3078821 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 10 February 2009

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Small-angle x-ray scattering patterns have been collected stroboscopically from ballistic microdrops of cytochrome C protein solution. The microdrops, measuring around 80 μm diameter ( ∼ 268pl), were generated by a drop-on-demand system and traveled at approximately 1.7 m/s through a 3 μm synchrotron radiation beam. The scattering patterns were accumulated on a pixel detector, which was activated for a few microseconds during the transit time of each microdrop through the microbeam. The stability of the microdrop sequence allowed observing interface scattering from HCl buffer microdrops. The small-angle x-ray scattering data provide information on the protein conformation free of physical boundaries.
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87.15.N- Properties of solutions of macromolecules
87.14.E- Proteins
87.15.B- Structure of biomolecules

Electrical properties of epitaxial SrTiO3 tunnel barriers on (001) Pt/SrTiO3 substrates

Junwoo Son, Joël Cagnon, and Susanne Stemmer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062903 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3081110 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 10 February 2009

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Coherent, epitaxial Pt films with root-mean-square surface roughness values of less than one unit cell were grown on (001) SrTiO3 substrates by dc sputtering. These Pt films served as bottom electrodes for epitaxial SrTiO3 tunnel barriers grown by rf magnetron sputtering. The SrTiO3 barriers were free of pinholes and showed mean surface roughness values of less than one unit cell. Barriers with a thickness of 4.5 nm showed excellent insulating properties and nonlinear current-voltage characteristics. At high bias fields, a reproducible hysteresis and deviation from the ideal tunneling behavior were observed.
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73.61.At Metal and metallic alloys
68.37.-d Microscopy of surfaces, interfaces, and thin films
81.15.Cd Deposition by sputtering
73.40.Gk Tunneling
68.55.at Other materials

Dielectric relaxations and dielectric response in multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics

Sitchai Hunpratub, Prasit Thongbai, Teerapon Yamwong, Rattikorn Yimnirun, and Santi Maensiri

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062904 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3078825 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

Online Publication Date: 12 February 2009

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Single-phase multiferroic BiFeO3 ceramics were fabricated using pure precipitation-prepared BiFeO3 powder. Dielectric response of BiFeO3 ceramics was investigated over a wide range of temperature and frequency. Our results reveal that the BiFeO3 ceramic sintered at 700 °C exhibited high dielectric permittivity, and three dielectric relaxations were observed. A Debye-type dielectric relaxation at low temperatures (−50 to 20 °C) is attributed to the carrier hopping process between Fe2+ and Fe3+. The other two dielectric relaxations at the temperature ranges 30–130 °C and 140–200 °C could be due to the grain boundary effect and the defect ordering and/or the conductivity, respectively.
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77.84.Bw Elements, oxides, nitrides, borides, carbides, chalcogenides, etc.
77.80.-e Ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity
77.22.Ch Permittivity (dielectric function)
77.22.Gm Dielectric loss and relaxation
81.05.Je Ceramics and refractories (including borides, carbides, hydrides, nitrides, oxides, and silicides)
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