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9 Feb 2009

Volume 94, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062105 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3079078 (3 pages)

Ikai Lo, Chia-Ho Hsieh, Yu-Chi Hsu, Wen-Yuan Pang, and Ming-Chi Chou
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A comparative study of organic single-crystal transistors gated with various ionic-liquid electrolytes

S. Ono, K. Miwa, S. Seki, and J. Takeya

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063301 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3079401 (3 pages) | Cited 26 times

Online Publication Date: 9 February 2009

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We report on a comparative study of rubrene single-crystal field-effect transistors with various ionic-liquid electrolytes used for gate insulators. A systematic correlation is found that mobility of the field-effect transistors increases with decreasing electrostatic capacitance of the electric double layers, as the result of highly reproducible comparisons among tens of samples with the variation of anions in the purified ionic liquids. By optimizing the gating ionic liquid, the highest mobility of the electrolyte-gated organic transistors elevated up to 9.5 cm2/V s, which is only a fraction of the value of intrinsic material property, demonstrating an excellent field-effect switching operation.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
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Interfacial reactions at Al/LiF and LiF/Al

Z. T. Xie, W. H. Zhang, B. F. Ding, X. D. Gao, Y. T. You, Z. Y. Sun, X. M. Ding, and X. Y. Hou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063302 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3077167 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 10 February 2009

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High-resolution synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy was used to investigate the chemical properties of Al–LiF interfaces. An electronic state appeared at the Al/LiF interface with a binding energy 4.8 eV higher than that of the metallic Al 2p core level, but the state was hardly found to be present at the LiF/Al interface. This indicates that intensive chemical reaction could occur at the Al/LiF interface, while the reaction occurring at the LiF/Al interface would be weak. This result explains well the unsymmetrical electron injection from different sides of the symmetrical device of indium-tin-oxide\Al\LiF\tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum\LiF\Al showing unsymmetrical current-voltage characteristics.
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82.33.Hk Reactions on clusters
79.60.-i Photoemission and photoelectron spectra
71.15.Nc Total energy and cohesive energy calculations
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Molecular assemblies grown between metallic contacts on insulating surfaces

Th. Glatzel, L. Zimmerli, S. Koch, S. Kawai, and E. Meyer

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063303 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3080614 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 10 February 2009

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Contacting single molecules and molecular assemblies and determining optoelectronic properties is one of the most challenging topics in the field of molecular electronics. According to this purpose, the contacting of one- and two-dimensional molecular assemblies of asymmetric cyanoporphyrins and Au nanoclusters was developed. Furthermore, Kelvin probe force microscopy gives the opportunity to access electronic properties of the molecular assemblies and to distinguish the molecules from Au nanocontacts. The change in the dipole moment density related to geometrical changes within a molecular wire contacted by two Au nanoclusters on a KBr single crystal substrate is observed and analyzed.
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85.65.+h Molecular electronic devices
73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
73.63.Rt Nanoscale contacts
81.07.Lk Nanocontacts
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High performance organic photovoltaic devices using amorphous molecular materials with high charge-carrier drift mobilities

Hiroshi Kageyama, Hitoshi Ohishi, Masatake Tanaka, Yutaka Ohmori, and Yasuhiko Shirota

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063304 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3079399 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 11 February 2009

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pn-Heterojunction organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) using amorphous molecular materials with high hole drift mobilities of 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1, tris[4-(2-thienyl)phenyl]amine and tris[4-(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)phenyl]amine, as electron donors and fullerene as an electron acceptor were fabricated. In spite of the use of amorphous materials instead of crystalline materials, the devices exhibited high performance with fill factors of 0.62–0.71 and power conversion efficiencies of 1.5%–1.7% under air-mass 1.5 G illumination at an intensity of 100 mW cm−2.
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85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices
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Energy level alignment at a charge generation interface between 4,4′-bis(N-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)biphenyl and 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile

Yong-Ki Kim, Jeong Won Kim, and Yongsup Park

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063305 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3081409 (3 pages) | Cited 27 times

Online Publication Date: 12 February 2009

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We have determined the electronic energy level alignment at the interface between 4,4′-bis(N-phenyl-1-naphthylamino)biphenyl (NPB) and 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of 20 nm thick HAT-CN film was located at 3.8 eV below the Fermi level. Thus the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) is very close to the Fermi level. The HOMO position of NPB was only about 0.3 eV below Fermi level at NPB/HAT-CN interface. This enables an easy excitation of electrons from the NPB HOMO to the HAT-CN LUMO, creating electron-hole pairs across this organic-organic interface.
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73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
79.60.Jv Interfaces; heterostructures; nanostructures
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
73.50.Gr Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, trapping, mean free paths
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Focusing surface plasmon polariton trapping of colloidal particles

Zheyu Fang, Feng Lin, Shan Huang, Wentao Song, and Xing Zhu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063306 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3072610 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 13 February 2009

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We report focusing surface plasmon polariton (SPP) trapping of colloidal particles without optical interactions. Using a silver nanostructure, we demonstrate SPP launching and propagation under a p-polarized incident laser. In-plane Fresnel zone plate (FZP) is used to focus the SPP waves. Colloidal particles can be trapped at the silver nanostructure in the illumination region and the FZP focus area by focusing SPP force. The SPP tweezers open new perspectives in the subwavelength trapping and applications to lab-on-chip devices.
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82.70.Dd Colloids
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.36.+c Polaritons (including photon-phonon and photon-magnon interactions)
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
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Harvesting triplet excitons for application in polymer solar cells

M. Arif, K. Yang, L. Li, P. Yu, S. Guha, S. Gangopadhyay, M. Förster, and U. Scherf

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063307 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3082081 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 13 February 2009

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Triplet enhanced ladder-type poly (para-phenylene) polymer (PhLPPP) with covalently bound trace amounts of palladium blended with a fullerene derivative [[6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)] shows power conversion efficiencies (PCE) almost ten times greater than with pristine ladder-type polymer (with no palladium atom) blended with PCBM. The steady state optical properties of the triplet and nontriplet-enhanced polymers are comparable; the enhanced PCE and external quantum efficiency in PhLPPP photovoltaics are attributed to the presence of long-lived mobile triplet excitons. Furthermore, the luminescence from PhLPPP blends measured in a delayed setup correlates very well with the efficiency of the solar cells.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
78.55.Kz Solid organic materials
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The influence of interface modifier on the performance of nanostructured ZnO/polymer hybrid solar cells

Yun-Yue Lin, Yi-Ying Lee, Liuwen Chang, Jih-Jen Wu, and Chun-Wei Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 063308 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3080203 (3 pages) | Cited 33 times

Online Publication Date: 13 February 2009

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We have demonstrated an improvement of photovoltaic performance based on the nanostructured ZnO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) hybrid through interface molecular modification on ZnO nanorod surface. By probing the carrier dynamics at ZnO/P3HT interfaces, we have found that the interfacial molecules can play the role of assisting charge separation and suppression of back recombination at interfaces, which accounts for the observed enhanced short circuit current (Jsc) and open circuit voltage (Voc) in photovoltaic performance.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
73.40.Qv Metal-insulator-semiconductor structures (including semiconductor-to-insulator)
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