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23 Feb 2009

Volume 94, Issue 8, Articles (08xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 082501 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3085971 (3 pages)

Chunghee Nam, B. G. Ng, F. J. Castaño, M. D. Mascaro, and C. A. Ross
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Four dimensional visualization of highly transient fuel sprays by microsecond quantitative x-ray tomography

Xin Liu, Kyoung-Su Im, Yujie Wang, Jin Wang, Mark W. Tate, Alper Ercan, Daniel R. Schuette, and Sol M. Gruner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 084101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3048563 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 23 February 2009

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An ultrafast x-ray microtomography technique based on synchrotron x rays and a fast-framing x-ray detector was developed to reconstruct the highly transient sprays in four dimensions with microsecond-temporal resolution in the near-nozzle region. The time-resolved quantitative fuel distribution allowed a realistic numerical fluid dynamic simulation with initial conditions based on the measurement, which demonstrates that the fuel has completed the primary breakup upon exiting the nozzle. The secondary-breakup-based simulation agrees well with the experimental fuel-volume fraction distribution, which challenges most existing simulation assumptions and results.
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47.80.Jk Flow visualization and imaging
47.57.-s Complex fluids and colloidal systems
47.60.Kz Flows and jets through nozzles
47.11.-j Computational methods in fluid dynamics

Electroactive hydrodynamic weirs for microparticle manipulation and patterning

Brian M. Taff, Salil P. Desai, and Joel Voldman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 084102 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3085955 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 24 February 2009

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We present a platform for parallelized manipulations of individual polarizable micron-scale particles (i.e., microparticles) that combines negative dielectrophoretic forcing with the passive capture of hydrodynamic weir-based trapping. Our work enables manipulations using ejection- and/or exclusion-based methods. In ejection operations, we unload targeted weirs by displacing microparticles from their capture faces via electrode activation. In exclusion-based operations, we prevent weir loading by activating selected on-chip electrodes before introducing microparticles into the system. Our work describes the device’s passive loading dynamics and demonstrates enhanced functionalities by forming a variety of particle patterns.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
82.45.Fk Electrodes
47.85.Dh Hydrodynamics, hydraulics, hydrostatics
47.85.Np Fluidics

Stabilization of lithium superionic conduction phase and enhancement of conductivity of LiBH4 by LiCl addition

Motoaki Matsuo, Hitoshi Takamura, Hideki Maekawa, Hai-Wen Li, and Shin-ichi Orimo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 084103 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3088857 (3 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 24 February 2009

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LiBH4 exhibits lithium superionic conduction accompanied by structural transition at around 390 K. Addition of LiCl to LiBH4 drastically affects both the transition and electrical conductivity: Transition from low-temperature (LT) to high-temperature (HT) phases in LiBH4 is observed at 370 K upon heating and the HT phase can be retained at 350–330 K upon cooling. Further, the conductivity in the LT phase is more than one or two orders of magnitude higher than that of pure LiBH4. These properties could be attributed to the dissolution of LiCl into LiBH4, suggested by in situ x-ray diffraction measurement.
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66.30.H- Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals
81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
72.80.Sk Insulators
64.75.Bc Solubility

Two-dimensional nanohybridization of gold nanorods and polystyrene colloids

Dong Kee Yi, Jin-Hyon Lee, John A. Rogers, and Ungyu Paik

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 084104 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3089219 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 27 February 2009

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Zero-dimensional (0D) and one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials can be coarrayed in a cocontinuous manner using convective force driven self-assembly to obtain hybrid nanomaterials. The process is demonstrated using 0D polystyrene colloids and 1D Au nanorods. The flexural properties of the spherical colloidal templates and the concentration of the nanosized building-blocks are crucial parameters that determine the dominant rod-colloid hybrid nanoarrays that are obtained. Plasmon resonance phenomena in the resulting hybrid systems are examined by ultraviolet-visible transmission/absorbance spectroscopy. The resulting coarrayed nanostructures show variable optical stop bands dependent on the angle of the incident light relative to the plane of the coarrayed film.
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81.16.Dn Self-assembly
82.70.Dd Colloids
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
78.40.-q Absorption and reflection spectra: visible and ultraviolet

Asymmetric parametric amplification in nonlinear left-handed transmission lines

David A. Powell, Ilya V. Shadrivov, and Yuri S. Kivshar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 084105 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3089842 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 27 February 2009

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We study parametric amplification in nonlinear left-handed transmission lines, which serve as model systems for nonlinear negative-index metamaterials. We experimentally demonstrate the amplification of a weak signal in the three following regimes: with the signal in the left-handed band, with the signal in the stop band, and with the signal at a defect frequency. In particular, we demonstrate the amplification of the incident wave by up to 15 dB in the left-handed regime.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
42.65.Lm Parametric down conversion and production of entangled photons

Nanoelectrospray aerosols from microporous polymer wick sources

Gary Tepper and Royal Kessick

Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 084106 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3092481 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 27 February 2009

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Nanoelectrospray aerosols were formed from microporous polymer wick sources. Current-voltage characteristics were measured as a function of solution electrical conductivity and surface tension and two distinct electrospray modes were observed. In the first mode, when the maximum capillary flow rate through the wick exceeds the electrospray flow rate, a single electrospray forms from a droplet at the end of the wick. In the second mode, when the maximum capillary flow rate is less than the electrospray flow rate, a multitude of microscopic nanoelectrospray sources are formed from within the surface of the wick tip.
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82.70.Rr Aerosols and foams
72.80.Le Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors)
66.20.Ej Studies of viscosity and rheological properties of specific liquids
68.03.Cd Surface tension and related phenomena
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization
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