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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 95 / Issue 12 / DEVICE PHYSICS

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 123501 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3231438 (3 pages)

Efficient black silicon solar cell with a density-graded nanoporous surface: Optical properties, performance limitations, and design rules

Hao-Chih Yuan, Vernon E. Yost, Matthew R. Page, Paul Stradins, Daniel L. Meier, and Howard M. Branz

National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA

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(Received 3 August 2009; accepted 27 August 2009; published online 22 September 2009)

We study optical effects and factors limiting performance of our confirmed 16.8% efficiency “black silicon” solar cells. The cells incorporate density-graded nanoporous surface layers made by a one-step nanoparticle-catalyzed etch and reflect less than 3% of the solar spectrum, with no conventional antireflection coating. The cells are limited by recombination in the nanoporous layer which decreases short-wavelength spectral response. The optimum density-graded layer depth is then a compromise between reflectance reduction and recombination loss. Finally, we propose universal design rules for high-efficiency solar cells based on density-graded surfaces.

© 2009 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

elemental semiconductors, etching, infrared spectra, nanoparticles, nanoporous materials, nanotechnology, reflectivity, silicon, solar cells

PACS

  • 84.60.Jt

    Photoelectric conversion

  • 61.46.Df

    Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)

  • 81.16.-c

    Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing

  • 81.65.Cf

    Surface cleaning, etching, patterning

  • 78.30.Am

    Elemental semiconductors and insulators

  • 81.05.Cy

    Elemental semiconductors

  • 78.67.Bf

    Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters

ARTICLE DATA

Permalink
http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.3231438

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher:

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    H. M. Branz, V. E. Yost, S. Ward, K. M. Jones, B. To, and P. Stradins, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 231121 (2009)APPLAB000094000023231121000001.

    M. Y. Shen, C. H. Crouch, J. E. Carey, and E. Mazur, Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 5694 (2004)APPLAB000085000023005694000001.

    X. Li and P. W. Bohn, Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2572 (2000)APPLAB000077000016002572000001.

    K. -I. Ishibashi, Y. Kimura, and M. Niwano, J. Appl. Phys. 103, 094507 (2008)JAPIAU000103000009094507000001.


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