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21 Sep 2009

Volume 95, Issue 12, Articles (12xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 121104 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3231448 (3 pages)

E. H. Khoo, I. Ahmed, and E. P. Li
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Branched carbon treelike structures grown in direct current plasmas

F. Ding, X. D. Zhu, R. J. Zhan, T. L. Ni, B. Ke, H. Y. Zhou, M. D. Chen, and X. H. Wen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 121501 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3232229 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 September 2009

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The growth of centimeter-scale treelike carbon structures in a hydrocarbon direct current (dc) plasma without the help of catalyst particles is reported. Starting from the edge of the anode, the carbon trees have a tendency to grow toward the cathode along the direction of the electric field. It is found that the trees exhibit graphitelike characteristics, or have a diamond body with a graphitelike core depending on the formation conditions. A growth model is proposed for the unusual growths, where powders formed in the dc plasma play a crucial role.
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52.77.-j Plasma applications
52.80.-s Electric discharges
52.77.Dq Plasma-based ion implantation and deposition

High average power second harmonic generation in air

Martynas Beresna, Peter G. Kazansky, Yuri Svirko, Martynas Barkauskas, and Romas Danielius

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 121502 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3232235 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 22 September 2009

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We demonstrate second harmonic vortex generation in atmospheric pressure air using tightly focused femtosecond laser beam. The circularly polarized ring-shaped beam of the second harmonic is generated in the air by fundamental beam of the same circular polarization, while the linear polarized beam produces two-lobe beam at the second harmonic frequency. The achieved normalized conversion efficiency and average second harmonic power are two orders of magnitude higher compared to those previously reported and can be increased up to 20 times by external gas flow. We demonstrate that the frequency doubling originates from the gradient of photoexcited free electrons created by pondermotive force.
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52.30.-q Plasma dynamics and flow
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