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28 Sep 2009

Volume 95, Issue 13, Articles (13xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 131107 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3236752 (3 pages)

Marcus Eichfelder, Wolfgang-Michael Schulz, Matthias Reischle, Michael Wiesner, Robert Roßbach, Michael Jetter, and Peter Michler
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Highly efficient nondoped green organic light-emitting devices based on a substituted triphenylpyridine derivative

Na Li, Shiu-Lun Lai, Pengfei Wang, Feng Teng, Zengtao Liu, Chun-Sing Lee, and Shuit-Tong Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133301 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3242000 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2009

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Highly efficient nondoped green organic light-emitting devices based on a triphenylpyridine derivative, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-2,6-diphenylnicotinonitrile (NPDPN), were fabricated and characterized. The double-organic-layer device with a structure of ITO/α-napthylphenylbiphenyl diamine /NPDPN/LiF/Al, in which NPDPN was used as both the emitter and the electron transporter, exhibits a green emission with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.23,0.52) and a power efficiency of 5.5 lm/W. The result is much better than that of similarly structured device based on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum. Furthermore, a high current efficiency of 8.4 cd/A was achieved with an optimized device configuration.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Enhancement in current efficiency in organic light-emitting diodes with incorporation of subphthalocyanine

Yu-Hung Chen, Jung-Hung Chang, Guan-Ru Lee, I-Wen Wu, Jheng-Hao Fang, Chih-I Wu, and Tun-Wen Pi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133302 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3237173 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 30 September 2009

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A highly efficient hole injection material, boron subphthalocyanine chloride (SubPc), was incorporated in organic light-emitting diodes. Device performance is greatly enhanced by inserting an ultrathin layer of SubPc between anodes and N,N′-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidene (NPB). Electronic structures and chemical reaction at the interface between NPB and SubPc are also investigated by photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation sources. Extra states are observed at the forbidden gap of SubPc with deposition of NPB, resulting from the broken bonds between boron and chlorine on SubPc with presence of NPB. These gap states are attributed to the improvement of device performance.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Enhancing the photocurrent in poly(3-hexylthiophene)/[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction solar cells by using poly(3-hexylthiophene) as a buffer layer

Chin-Wei Liang, Wei-Fang Su, and Leeyih Wang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133303 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3242006 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 1 October 2009

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This work presents an approach for improving the unfavorable vertical composition gradients of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in the photoactive layer of bulk heterojunction solar cells. The proposed method involves simply depositing a thin layer of P3HT on top of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) prior to the P3HT:PCBM blend is spin coated. The results from photoluminescence and photovoltaic measurements indicate that incorporating this P3HT layer significantly enhances the electron blocking ability of PEDOT:PSS, the efficiency of photoinduced electron transfer and the photocurrent of the device, resulting in an improvement of the power conversion efficiency from 3.98% to 5.05%.
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72.40.+w Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
79.60.Bm Clean metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces
78.55.Kz Solid organic materials
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
73.40.Lq Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions
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Improving efficiency roll-off in organic light emitting devices with a fluorescence-interlayer-phosphorescence emission architecture

Tianhang Zheng, Wallace C. H. Choy, Cheuk-Lam Ho, and Wai-Yeung Wong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133304 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3241079 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 October 2009

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Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) with a fluorescence-interlayer-phosphorescence emission layer structure (FIP EML) has been proposed to solve the efficiency roll-off issue effectively. Efficient green OLED based on FIP EML exhibiting only 26% roll-off in the luminance efficiency, which is lower than the typical roll-off of 51% for conventional phosphorescent OLEDs with single EML operated at 5–150 mA/cm2 range, has been demonstrated. Such enhancement should be attributed to the improved carrier balance, the exciton redistribution in recombination zone, the suppression of nonradiative exciton quenching processes, and the elimination of energy transfer loss offered by the FIP EML structure.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Ionic liquid-functionalized carbon nanoparticles-modified cathode for efficiency enhancement in polymer solar cells

Xiaohong Chen, Jiaxiang Yang, Jiong Lu, Kiran Kumar Manga, Kian Ping Loh, and Furong Zhu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133305 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3237161 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 2 October 2009

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The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and {6,6}-phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester (PCBM)-based polymer solar cells was increased using an ionic liquid-functionalized carbon nanoparticles (ILCNs) thin film-modified cathode. The PCE of P3HT:PCBM based-polymer solar cells with a conventional aluminum (Al)-only cathode was increased by 20%–30% when the identical devices were made with an ILCNs-modified Al cathode, but its PCE was 10% lower than that of devices with LiF/Al cathode, measured under AM1.5G illumination of 100 mW/cm2. The ILCN interlayer approach, however, offers practical advantages to LiF in terms of its solution-processability, which is compatible with low cost, large area, and flexible solar cell fabrication.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
82.45.Fk Electrodes
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
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Electron conductance of N,N′-bis-(1-naphthl)-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine at low temperatures

X. D. Gao, Y. He, S. T. Zhang, X. R. Yin, B. F. Ding, X. M. Ding, and X. Y. Hou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133306 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3237178 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 October 2009

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The electron conductance of N,N′-bis-(1-naphthl)-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine was found to increase with decreasing temperature experimentally. This phenomenon is quite abnormal since for most organic materials the conductance increases with increasing temperature. A probable explanation was given according to a previous work about soliton diffusion in polyacetylene within the framework of SSH model.
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72.80.Le Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors)
72.80.Ng Disordered solids
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Dual-gate organic thin film transistors as chemical sensors

Young Min Park and Alberto Salleo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 133307 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3242372 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 2 October 2009

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An organic/inorganic hybrid sensing device is proposed based on a dual-gate organic thin film transistor architecture using polythiophenes as semiconductors and AlOx as the top dielectric. When a polar molecule adsorbs on the top dielectric, the threshold voltage of the bottom gate transistor shifts leading to several orders of magnitude increase of the current at an appropriately chosen gate voltage. The devices are tested by exposing them to a saturated water atmosphere, which leads to a four orders of magnitude current increase within one minute. This sensor design maintains some advantages of organic semiconductors such as low-temperature processing and fabrication on flexible substrates. Finally, it can be operated at low voltages with the potential for extremely low-power operation.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
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