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9 Nov 2009

Volume 95, Issue 19, Articles (19xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3258663 (3 pages)

L. Gaudreau, A. Kam, G. Granger, S. A. Studenikin, P. Zawadzki, and A. S. Sachrajda
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Light emitting field effect transistor with two self-aligned Si nanocrystal layers

V. Beyer, B. Schmidt, K.-H. Heinig, and K.-H. Stegemann

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193501 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3242379 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 9 November 2009

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Light emitting field effect transistors based on narrow layers of silicon nanocrystals (NCs) in the gate oxide were fabricated. Direct quantum mechanical electron and hole tunneling into NCs was achieved by self-alignment of NCs-interface-distances to ∼ 2 nm. The direct tunneling reduces oxide degradation, prolongs device lifetime and increases operation speed. Self-alignment occurs during thermal treatment of ion irradiated stacks of 50 nm polycrystalline silicon/15 nm SiO2/(001)Si substrate. An alternating voltage (ac) was applied to the gate to inject charges into the NCs. Due to injection by direct tunneling, electroluminescence extends to higher ac frequencies than reported so far.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
61.80.Jh Ion radiation effects
78.60.Fi Electroluminescence

High contrast chiral nematic liquid crystal device using negative dielectric material

Su Seok Choi, Flynn Castles, Stephen M. Morris, and Harry J. Coles

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193502 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3248219 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 10 November 2009

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A liquid crystal device is demonstrated using a short-pitch (260 nm) chiral nematic with negative dielectric anisotropy. Due to dielectric coupling, an in-plane electric field switches the liquid crystal between the standing-helix (field-off, “dark” state) and lying-helix (field-on, transmissive state) configurations. We report experimental results on the optical transmission as a function of the applied field, the response time (as short as 35 microseconds) and the contrast ratio (1000:1).
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42.79.Kr Display devices, liquid-crystal devices
77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials
61.30.Eb Experimental determinations of smectic, nematic, cholesteric, and other structures
61.30.Gd Orientational order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order

Effects of Li doping on the performance and environmental stability of solution processed ZnO thin film transistors

Pradipta K. Nayak, Jongsu Jang, Changhee Lee, and Yongtaek Hong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193503 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3262956 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 11 November 2009

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We report the effects of lithium (Li) doping on the performance and environmental stability of solution processed zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film transistors (TFTs). It was found that appropriate amount of Li doping significantly reduced the background conductivity of ZnO films and also improved the orientation of ZnO crystallites along the c-axis. A highest field-effect mobility of 3.07 cm2/V s was found for the 5 at. % Li-doped ZnO TFTs. However, 15 and 25 at. % Li-doped ZnO TFTs showed good environmental stability of Ion/Ioff ratio with reasonable field-effect mobility.
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
68.55.Ln Defects and impurities: doping, implantation, distribution, concentration, etc.
61.72.uj III-V and II-VI semiconductors
68.55.ag Semiconductors

Terahertz detector based on a superconducting tunnel junction coupled to a thin superconductor film

Seiichiro Ariyoshi, Tohru Taino, Adrian Dobroiu, Hiromi Sato, Hiroshi Matsuo, and Chiko Otani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193504 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3263711 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 13 November 2009

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The principle of a terahertz detector using a superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) coupled to a large terahertz-absorbing superconductor film is verified. We have detected terahertz radiation based on the Cooper-pair breaking process, and confirmed that the sensitivity has a sharp increase around 0.7 THz, a value that is in agreement with the gap frequency of the superconducting Nb. For high-sensitivity terahertz detection, we propose an improved design of the STJ detector composed of a smaller junction coupled to a thinner superconductor film. We also discuss the expected noise equivalent power of the optimized detector.
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07.57.Pt Submillimeter wave, microwave and radiowave spectrometers; magnetic resonance spectrometers, auxiliary equipment, and techniques
84.40.-x Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology

Effect of surface stress on the stiffness of cantilever plates: Influence of cantilever geometry

Michael J. Lachut and John E. Sader

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193505 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3262347 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 13 November 2009

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Numerous measurements have indicated that surface stress can significantly modify the stiffness of cantilever sensors. In contrast, theoretical calculations using classical beam theory predict that stiffness is independent of surface stress. Using a three-dimensional analysis, we recently showed that surface stress does indeed have an effect within the framework of linear elasticity. However, only cantilevers of rectangular geometry were explored. Here, we vary cantilever geometry and find that it plays a critical role, with V-shaped cantilevers displaying greatly enhanced sensitivity in comparison to rectangular cantilevers. Tuning cantilever geometry therefore provides a sensitive route to controlling the effects of surface stress.
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46.25.Cc Theoretical studies
46.70.De Beams, plates, and shells

High-directivity antenna with small antenna aperture

Yu Luo, Jingjing Zhang, Hongsheng Chen, Jiangtao Huangfu, and Lixin Ran

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193506 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3264085 (3 pages) | Cited 12 times

Online Publication Date: 13 November 2009

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We show in this letter that, by using an inhomogeneous metamaterial shell, it is possible to achieve highly directive emission with a small antenna aperture. The material parameters of the metamaterial substrate are obtained by a nonmonotonic optical transformation. Therefore, a large antenna can be effectively transformed to an equivalent one with much smaller aperture. Full-wave finite-element modeling has been performed to confirm this point. The concept proposed here provides a possible solution to reduce the size of antenna without disturbing the radiation characteristics.
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84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories
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