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9 Nov 2009

Volume 95, Issue 19, Articles (19xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 193101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3258663 (3 pages)

L. Gaudreau, A. Kam, G. Granger, S. A. Studenikin, P. Zawadzki, and A. S. Sachrajda
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Nanoparticle plasma ejected directly from solid copper by localized microwaves

E. Jerby, A. Golts, Y. Shamir, S. Wonde, J. B. A. Mitchell, J. L. LeGarrec, T. Narayanan, M. Sztucki, D. Ashkenazi, Z. Barkay, and N. Eliaz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191501 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3259781 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 9 November 2009

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A plasma column ejected directly from solid copper by localized microwaves is studied. The effect stems from an induced hotspot that melts and emits ionized copper vapors as a confined fire column. Nanoparticles of ∼ 20–120 nm size were revealed in the ejected column by in situ small-angle x-ray scattering. Optical spectroscopy confirmed the dominance of copper particles in the plasma column originating directly from the copper substrate. Nano- and macroparticles of copper were verified also by ex situ scanning electron microscopy. The direct conversion of solid metals to nanoparticles is demonstrated and various applications are proposed.
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52.50.Sw Plasma heating by microwaves; ECR, LH, collisional heating
52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects

Negative ion surface production through sputtering in hydrogen plasma

L. Schiesko, M. Carrère, J.-M. Layet, and G. Cartry

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191502 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3258352 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 11 November 2009

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A graphite sample is negatively biased in a hydrogen plasma. H− ions created on the surface are accelerated by the sheath toward a mass spectrometer where they are detected according to their energy. The ion distribution function shows two contributions: a main peak followed by an energetic tail. It was previously proven backscattering of positive ions as negative ions is responsible for the high energy tail. In this paper we demonstrate 75% of negative ion surface production is coming from sputtering of adsorbed hydrogen atoms as negative ions. The positive ion energy threshold for this mechanism is around 20 eV and its maximum around 70 eV.
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52.40.Hf Plasma-material interactions; boundary layer effects
29.25.Ni Ion sources: positive and negative
79.20.Rf Atomic, molecular, and ion beam impact and interactions with surfaces
52.40.Kh Plasma sheaths

Experiments on peer-to-peer locking of magnetrons

E. J. Cruz, B. W. Hoff, P. Pengvanich, Y. Y. Lau, R. M. Gilgenbach, and J. W. Luginsland

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191503 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3262970 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 12 November 2009

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Experiments on peer-to-peer locking of 2 kW magnetrons are performed. These experiments verify the recently developed theory on the condition under which the two nonlinear oscillators may be locked to a common frequency. Dependent on the coupling, the frequency of oscillation when locking occurs does not necessarily lie between the free running frequencies of the two isolated, stand-alone magnetrons. Likewise, when the locking condition is violated, the beat frequency is not necessarily equal to the difference between these free running frequencies.
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84.40.Fe Microwave tubes (e.g., klystrons, magnetrons, traveling-wave, backward-wave tubes, etc.)

Effect of the resonant growth of harmonics on the electron density in capacitively coupled plasma

Yohei Yamazawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 191504 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3261752 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 13 November 2009

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The growth of harmonics is known to occur under the condition of plasma series resonance (PSR). In an actual plasma process chamber, the external circuit also affects the PSR. We experimentally demonstrated the resonant growth of the third and fourth harmonics by tuning a variable capacitor attached to the electrode, and investigated the influence of the growth on the electron density. We observed significant increases in electron density as the amplitude of harmonics grows. The result clearly shows that nonlinear electron resonance heating actually takes place.
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52.50.Qt Plasma heating by radio-frequency fields; ICR, ICP, helicons
52.35.Mw Nonlinear phenomena: waves, wave propagation, and other interactions (including parametric effects, mode coupling, ponderomotive effects, etc.)
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