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6 Jul 2009

Volume 95, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013107 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167775 (3 pages)

T. Y. Tsai, C. Y. Lee, N. H. Tai, and W. H. Tuan
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Dynamic force spectroscopy of single chainlike molecules using the frequency-modulation technique with constant-excitation

Daniel Ebeling, Filipp Oesterhelt, and Hendrik Hölscher

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013701 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3152771 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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To measure forces acting on a chainlike molecule in liquid, we introduce a dynamic approach based on the frequency-modulation technique with constant-excitation. In difference to the classical approach where the force is recorded as a conventional force versus distance curve in a static measurement, we are able to detect simultaneously the conservative force as well as the energy dissipation during the elongation of a chainlike molecule. We apply this technique to dextran monomers and demonstrate the agreement of the experimental force curves with a “single-click” model.
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61.20.Gy Theory and models of liquid structure
62.10.+s Mechanical properties of liquids

Proposal for high sensitivity force sensor inspired by auditory hair cells

Taegeun Song, Hee Chul Park, and Kang-Hun Ahn

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013702 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167818 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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We propose a biomimetic electromechanical system mimicking auditory hair cell and investigate its mechanical properties. The biophysical properties of the biological hair cells, mechanical instability, and sensory adaptation are modeled using feedback control. The proposed system shows two different types of response according to their spontaneous oscillations; sinusoidal-like and bistable oscillation. We demonstrate by numerical simulation that, as in auditory hair cells, the sensitivity is larger and frequency filtering is sharper for weaker force signal, which might be applicable for high sensitivity wide-ranged force (sound) sensor.
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07.10.Pz Instruments for strain, force, and torque
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Performance of iterative optoacoustic tomography with experimental data

Thomas Jetzfellner, Daniel Razansky, Amir Rosenthal, Ralf Schulz, K.-H. Englmeier, and Vasilis Ntziachristos

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013703 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167280 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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In this letter we experimentally demonstrate the sensitivity and overall performance of iterative correction for light attenuation in optoacoustic tomography as a function of number of iterations and accuracy of the tissue optical properties estimations. Experimental optoacoustic data were obtained by circularly illuminating a tissue-mimicking phantom with a high intensity pulsed near infrared laser and measuring the subsequent acoustic waves using a broadband acoustic hydrophone. We showcase an improvement in image fidelity and quantification due to the iterative inversion but find the method sensitive to the background optical properties and of a diverging behavior when increasing the number of iterations.
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87.63.lt Laser imaging
42.62.Be Biological and medical applications
43.35.Ud Thermoacoustics, high temperature acoustics, photoacoustic effect
43.80.Qf Medical diagnosis with acoustics
87.63.dh Ultrasonographic imaging
87.63.L- Visual imaging

In vivo nanomechanical imaging of blood-vessel tissues directly in living mammals using atomic force microscopy

Youdong Mao, Quanmei Sun, Xiufeng Wang, Qi Ouyang, Li Han, Lei Jiang, and Dong Han

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013704 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167546 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 7 July 2009

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is difficult to achieve in living mammals but is necessary for understanding mechanical properties of tissues in their native form in organisms. Here we report in vivo nanomechanical imaging of blood-vessel tissues directly in living mammalians by AFM combined with surgical operations. Nanomechanical heterogeneity of blood vessels is observed across the diverse microenvironments of the same tissues in vivo. This method is further used to measure the counteractive nanomechanical changes in real time during drug-induced vasodilation and vasoconstriction in vivo, demonstrating appealing potential in characterization of in vivo nanomechanical dynamics of native tissues.
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87.19.rd Elastic properties
87.19.rm Structure
87.64.Dz Scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy

Charge-pumping in a synthetic leaf for harvesting energy from evaporation-driven flows

Ruba T. Borno, Joseph D. Steinmeyer, and Michel M. Maharbiz

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013705 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3157144 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 7 July 2009

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Inspired by water transport in plants, we present a synthetic, microfabricated “leaf” that can scavenge electrical power from evaporative flow. Evaporation at the surface of the device produces flows with velocities up to 1.5 cm/s within etched microchannels. Gas-liquid interfaces within the channels move across an embedded capacitor at this velocity, generating 250 ms, 10–50 pF transient changes in capacitance. If connected to a rectified charge-pump circuit, each capacitive transient can increase the voltage in a 100 μF storage capacitor by ∼ 2–5 μV. We provide estimates of power density, energy density, and scavenging efficiency.
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84.60.-h Direct energy conversion and storage

Electrowetting on dielectric-based microfluidics for integrated lipid bilayer formation and measurement

Jason L. Poulos, Wyatt C. Nelson, Tae-Joon Jeon, Chang-Jin “CJ” Kim, and Jacob J. Schmidt

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013706 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167283 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 8 July 2009

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We present a microfluidic platform for the formation and electrical measurement of lipid bilayer membranes. Using electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD), two or more aqueous droplets surrounded by a lipid-containing organic phase were manipulated into contact to form a lipid bilayer at their interface. Thin-film Ag/AgCl electrodes integrated into the device enabled electrical measurement of membrane formation and the incorporation of gramicidin channels of two bilayers in parallel.
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87.16.D- Membranes, bilayers, and vesicles
87.14.Cc Lipids
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