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6 Jul 2009

Volume 95, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013107 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167775 (3 pages)

T. Y. Tsai, C. Y. Lee, N. H. Tai, and W. H. Tuan
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Dynamics of surface memory effect in liquid crystal alignment on reconfigurable microwrinkles

Takuya Ohzono, Hirosato Monobe, Rumiko Yamaguchi, Yo Shimizu, and Hiroshi Yokoyama

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 014101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167547 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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Microwrinkles generated by thin film buckling on elastic substrates serve as reconfigurable microgrooves that can align nematic liquid crystals (NLCs). Through rapid switching of the groove direction to generate controlled perturbation in surface-induced NLC alignment, we studied the dynamical behavior of the surface memory effect. Combined with annealing that resets the alignment memory, the time-dependent response to groove switching indicates that substantial memory develops in a few seconds after contact between the surface and the nematic phase.
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61.30.Hn Surface phenomena: alignment, anchoring, anchoring transitions, surface-induced layering, surface-induced ordering, wetting, prewetting transitions, and wetting transitions
61.30.Gd Orientational order of liquid crystals; electric and magnetic field effects on order
61.30.Eb Experimental determinations of smectic, nematic, cholesteric, and other structures
64.70.mj Experimental studies of liquid crystal transitions
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep

Elastic percolation transition in nanowire-based magnetorheological fluids

D. T. Zimmerman, R. C. Bell, J. A. Filer, II, J. O. Karli, and N. M. Wereley

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 014102 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167815 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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We observe an elastic percolation transition in the yield stress (τy) of cobalt-nanowire magnetorheological fluids, with a critical volume fraction of ferromagnetic particles (pc) that increases with the applied magnetic field (H). Unlike studies of static percolation phenomena, our observations reveal percolation in a dynamic, fluid-semisolid system. The elastic critical exponent (f) appears to be independent of H, having a value in the range of 1.0–1.2, near that seen in various two-dimensional networks. The superelastic exponent (c) decreases with increasing H and is smaller than that seen in typical networks.
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64.60.ah Percolation
75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.fg Shape-memory effect; yield stress; superelasticity
75.40.Cx Static properties (order parameter, static susceptibility, heat capacities, critical exponents, etc.)
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.50.Mm Magnetic liquids

Radioisotope microbattery based on liquid semiconductor

T. Wacharasindhu, J. W. Kwon, D. E. Meier, and J. D. Robertson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 014103 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3160542 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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A liquid semiconductor-based radioisotope micropower source has been pioneerly developed. The semiconductor property of selenium was utilized along with a 166 MBq radioactive source of 35S as elemental sulfur. Using a liquid semiconductor-based Schottky diode, electrical power was distinctively generated from the radioactive source. Energetic beta radiations in the liquid semiconductor can produce numerous electron hole pairs and create a potential drop. The measured power from the microbattery is 16.2 nW with an open-circuit voltage of 899 mV and a short-circuit of 107.4 nA.
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82.47.Cb Lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride and other batteries
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
72.80.Ph Liquid semiconductors
85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
85.30.Kk Junction diodes

Carbon nanowalls as material for electrochemical transducers

E. Luais, M. Boujtita, A. Gohier, A. Tailleur, S. Casimirius, M. A. Djouadi, A. Granier, and P. Y. Tessier

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 014104 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3170033 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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The electrochemical reactivity of a carbon nanowalls electrode was highlighted. The carbon nanowalls were synthesized at 520 °C in an acetylene/ammonia electron cyclotronic resonance plasma without any metal catalyst. The electrode surface was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Its electrochemical reactivity was studied by both cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. After the carbon nanowalls deposition, the electronic transfer rate constant and the electroactive surface area were found to be increased by a factor of 7 and 3, respectively.
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82.45.Fk Electrodes
82.45.Rr Electroanalytical chemistry
82.80.Fk Electrochemical methods
82.20.Pm Rate constants, reaction cross sections, and activation energies
82.30.Fi Ion-molecule, ion-ion, and charge-transfer reactions

Multiband left-handed metamaterials

Jiafu Wang, Shabo Qu, Yiming Yang, Hua Ma, Xiang Wu, and Zhuo Xu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 014105 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3170236 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 7 July 2009

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A method of realizing multiband left-handed metamaterials (MB-LHMs) was presented. By alternatively stacking arrays of unit cells with different geometrical dimensions, the combined structures exhibit multiple LH passbands. As an example, a typical MB-LHM was designed, fabricated, and investigated numerically and experimentally. Both the simulation and experiment results show that the MB-LHM has three alternatively left- and right-handed passbands, of which two are LH ones.
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42.70.-a Optical materials

Digital microfluidics on a wire

T. Gilet, D. Terwagne, and N. Vandewalle

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 014106 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3157141 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 8 July 2009

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In this letter, we discuss the behavior of droplets on fiber networks. An on/off transition is observed when a droplet comes around an intersection between several fibers: large droplets cross the junction while small droplets remain pinned. We show that fibers perform advantageously most operations of digital microfluidics, such as multiplexed biochemical microreactions: intersections are the basic component of fiber-based microfluidic devices.
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47.85.Np Fluidics
47.61.Jd Multiphase flows
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles

Electrowetting propulsion of water-floating objects

Sang Kug Chung, Kyungjoo Ryu, and Sung Kwon Cho

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 014107 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3173197 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 10 July 2009

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This letter describes a propulsion principle along with experimental verification of this principle by which an air-to-water interface vertically oscillated by ac electrowetting generates a quasisteady, “streaming” flow that can be utilized to propel water-floating objects. This propulsion does not require any mechanical moving parts. Using a centimeter-sized boat whose outer surfaces were covered with microfabricated electrowetting electrodes, linear, and rotational motions of the boat were achieved up to maximum speeds of 5 mm/s and 20 rpm, respectively. By combining the above two motions, the boat was successfully propelled and steered along a curvilinear pathline. A potential application of this principle is to propel and maneuver various water-floating mini/microrobots and boats used for water/air quality monitoring or surveillance/security purposes.
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89.40.Cc Water transportation
89.20.Kk Engineering
89.20.Bb Industrial and technological research and development
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