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6 Jul 2009

Volume 95, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013107 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3167775 (3 pages)

T. Y. Tsai, C. Y. Lee, N. H. Tai, and W. H. Tuan
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Energy level alignment of poly(3-hexylthiophene): [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction

Zheng Xu, Li-Min Chen, Mei-Hsin Chen, Gang Li, and Yang Yang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013301 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3163056 (3 pages) | Cited 36 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2009

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Photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and their blends on various conductive substrates. The study shows a P3HT-rich layer at the top of the P3HT:PCBM blend films. The energy level alignment of the top P3HT changes with the work function of the substrate and the PCBM concentration at the bottom surface of the blend film. The results can be explained using the integer charge transfer model.
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71.20.Rv Polymers and organic compounds
73.40.Lq Other semiconductor-to-semiconductor contacts, p-n junctions, and heterojunctions
73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
79.60.Fr Polymers; organic compounds
79.60.Jv Interfaces; heterostructures; nanostructures
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Titanium suboxide as an optical spacer in polymer solar cells

Anshuman Roy, Sung Heum Park, Sarah Cowan, Ming Hong Tong, Shinuk Cho, Kwanghee Lee, and Alan J. Heeger

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013302 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3159622 (3 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 7 July 2009

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The use of a layer of titanium suboxide (TiOx) between the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin film and the metal contact in “plastic” solar cell has been shown to increase both the short-circuit current and the fill factor. Using a combination of optical modeling and device experiments, we clarify the role of the TiOx layer as an optical spacer. For an appropriate choice of the BHJ thickness and composition, the TiOx layer can enhance the absorption within the active layer, thereby increasing the photocurrent and the power conversion efficiency.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
73.50.Pz Photoconduction and photovoltaic effects
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Two dimensional Langevin recombination in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene)

Gytis Juška, Kristijonas Genevičius, Nerijus Nekrašas, Gytis Sliaužys, and Ronald Österbacka

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013303 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3141513 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 7 July 2009

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In this work, it is shown that recombination in regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (RRP3HT:PCBM) bulk-heterojunction solar cells is caused by the two dimensional (2D) Langevin recombination in the lamellar structures of RRP3HT, which are formed after annealing process. Due to 2D Langevin process, bimolecular recombination coefficient is reduced in comparison with three dimensional Langevin case, and bimolecular recombination coefficient depends on the density of charge carriers n1/2. Data obtained from the different experimental techniques (charge extraction with linearly increasing voltage, integral time of flight, double injection current transients and transient absorption spectroscopy) confirms 2D Langevin recombination in RR3PHT.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
72.80.Le Polymers; organic compounds (including organic semiconductors)
81.40.Ef Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization
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Regioregular poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) helical self-organization on carbon nanotubes

Michele Giulianini, Eric R. Waclawik, John M. Bell, Maurizio De Crescenzi, Paola Castrucci, Manuela Scarselli, and Nunzio Motta

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013304 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3173825 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 8 July 2009

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Mixtures of regioregular poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (rrP3HT) and multiwall carbon nanotubes have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy in ultrahigh vacuum. Carbon nanotubes covered by rrP3HT have been imaged and analyzed, providing a clear evidence that this polymer self-assembles on the nanotube surface following geometrical constraints and adapting its equilibrium chain-to-chain distance. Largely spaced covered nanotubes have been analyzed to investigate the role played by nanotube chirality in the polymer wrapping, evidencing strong rrP3HT interactions along well defined directions.
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68.43.Mn Adsorption kinetics
61.25.he Polymer solutions
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Plasmonic-enhanced polymer photovoltaic devices incorporating solution-processable metal nanoparticles

Fang-Chung Chen, Jyh-Lih Wu, Chia-Ling Lee, Yi Hong, Chun-Hong Kuo, and Michael H. Huang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013305 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3174914 (3 pages) | Cited 55 times

Online Publication Date: 8 July 2009

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We have explored the effect of gold nanoparticle (Au NP)-induced surface plasmons on the performance of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). The power conversion efficiency of these OPVs was improved after blending the Au NPs into the anodic buffer layer. The addition of Au NPs increased the rate of exciton generation and the probability of exciton dissociation, thereby enhancing the short-circuit current density and the fill factor. We attribute the improvement in device performance to the local enhancement in the electromagnetic field originating from the excitation of the localized surface plasmon resonance.
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85.60.-q Optoelectronic devices
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
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Growth and optical properties of α-sexithiopene doped para-sexiphenyl nanofibers

G. Hernandez-Sosa, C. Simbrunner, and H. Sitter

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013306 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3176404 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 8 July 2009

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The deposition of highly crystalline self-assembled para-sexiphenyl (PSP) nanofibers doped with α-sexithiophene (6T) is reported. It is demonstrated that the morphology and orientation of the nanofibers are not altered by the presence of 6T, while the photoluminescence (PL) emission can be modified by the doping concentration, suggesting effective incorporation of the dopant into the nanofibers. Moreover, strong dependence of the PL intensity with the excitation polarization underlines the high molecular order within the crystalline matrix. Due to the expected dipole-dipole interaction provided by the highly ordered structures the observed results can be explained by a Förster energy transfer.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
61.72.sd Impurity concentration
61.72.up Other materials
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
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Sunlight-style color-temperature tunable organic light-emitting diode

Jwo-Huei Jou, Ming-Hsuan Wu, Shih-Ming Shen, Hsi-Ching Wang, Sun-Zen Chen, Szu-Hao Chen, Chuen-Ren Lin, and Yueh-Lin Hsieh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 013307 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3176217 (3 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 10 July 2009

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We demonstrate a man-made lighting device of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) capable of yielding a sunlight-style illumination with various daylight chromaticities, whose color temperature ranges between 2300 and 8200 K, fully covering those of the entire daylight at different times and regions. The OLED employs a device architecture capable of simultaneously generating all the emissions required to form a series of daylight chromaticities. The wide color-temperature span may be attributed to that the recombination core therein can easily be shifted along the different emissive zones simply by varying the applied voltage via the use of a thin carrier-modulating layer.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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