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30 Nov 2009

Volume 95, Issue 22, Articles (22xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 223701 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3240400 (3 pages)

Yaling Liu and Samir M. Iqbal
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Diffuse and doubly split atom occupation in hexagonal LiBH4

Tamio Ikeshoji, Eiji Tsuchida, Kazutaka Ikeda, Motoaki Matsuo, Hai-Wen Li, Yoshiyuki Kawazoe, and Shin-ichi Orimo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221901 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3264953 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 30 November 2009

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A theoretical study has been performed to explain problems in the structural analysis of LiBH4 and its recently discovered superionic conductance. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations for the high temperature (hexagonal) phase show doubly split and diffuse occupation in the c-direction at Li and B sites, respectively. Li hopping within the split sites and libration of H atoms are also found. These dynamics are supported by the Rietveld analysis showing atomic displacement ellipsoids for Li and B atoms.
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63.20.dk First-principles theory
66.30.hd Ionic crystals

Dynamics of entrained air bubbles inside a piezodriven inkjet printhead

Sang Joon Lee, Dae Hee Kwon, and Yong Seok Choi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221902 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3268451 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 2 December 2009

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Entrained air bubbles inside a piezoelectric inkjet printhead cause a malfunction in the droplet formation and deteriorate the reliability of inkjet printing. The dynamic motion of the entrained air bubbles is investigated optically by utilizing a high-speed imaging system. Air bubbles, ingested through the inkjet nozzle, are surrounded by a pulsating pressure field inside the inkjet printhead. The bubbles oscillate and move along the inner wall of the printhead as they are subjected to the Bjerknes force. As the bubbles attract each other, they continuously coalesce and grow due to rectified diffusion until they reach the equilibrium condition.
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47.55.dd Bubble dynamics
47.55.df Breakup and coalescence
47.40.-x Compressible flows; shock waves

Electron spin relaxation by nuclei and holes in single InAs quantum dots

X. M. Dou, X. Y. Chang, B. Q. Sun, Y. H. Xiong, Z. C. Niu, H. Q. Ni, and D. S. Jiang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221903 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3270527 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 December 2009

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Electron spin relaxation of charged excitons X+ and X2+ are investigated by time-resolved and polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy. For X+ configuration, the electron spin relaxation shows a typical decay curve induced by hyperfine interaction with nuclei, whereas for X2+ state the electron spin relaxation is affected not only by nuclei but also by electron-hole exchange interaction, leading to a power-law time dependence.
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73.21.La Quantum dots
78.55.Cr III-V semiconductors
78.47.D- Time resolved spectroscopy (>1 psec)
71.70.Jp Nuclear states and interactions
72.25.Dc Spin polarized transport in semiconductors
78.67.Hc Quantum dots

X-ray excited luminescence of cuprous iodide single crystals: On the nature of red luminescence

Pan Gao, Mu Gu, Xiao-Lin Liu, Bo Liu, and Shi-Ming Huang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221904 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3271174 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 3 December 2009

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The x-ray excited luminescence spectra of different quality CuI crystals were measured. The prevailing blue luminescence and the unusual red luminescence were found at the same time. The relative intensity of these two luminescence peaks was different because of the change of defect concentration in crystals. By comparing the spectra of CuI crystals before and after annealing in vacuum, air or iodine vapors, the origin of the red luminescence in the as-grown crystals was ascribed to the presence of iodine vacancy, as confirmed by the energy dispersive x-ray analysis.
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78.55.Hx Other solid inorganic materials
61.72.jd Vacancies
61.72.Cc Kinetics of defect formation and annealing
82.80.Ej X-ray, Mössbauer, and other γ-ray spectroscopic analysis methods

Surface adsorption and disordering in LiFePO4 based battery cathodes

Archana Kayyar, Haijun Qian, and Jian Luo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221905 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3270106 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 3 December 2009

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A recent study [ Kang and Ceder, Nature (London) 458, 190 (2009) ] suggested that a Li4P2O7-like “fast ion-conducting surface phase” could form on the surfaces of LiFePO4 particles, enabling ultrafast discharging of Li-ion batteries. We demonstrate that these nanoscale surface films exhibit a self-selecting or “equilibrium” thickness, akin to those observed in simpler binary oxides [ Luo and Chiang, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 38, 227 (2008) ]. These observations can be interpreted as a case of coupled prewetting and premelting. Similar nanoscale intergranular films are also observed. These nanoscale interfacial phenomena can be utilized to tailor nanoparticles for battery and many other applications.
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82.47.Aa Lithium-ion batteries
82.45.Fk Electrodes
68.43.-h Chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on surfaces

Nonlinear refractive index and three-photon absorption coefficient of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorence)

J. I. Jang, S. Mani, J. B. Ketterson, P. Lovera, and G. Redmond

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 221906 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3269588 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 December 2009

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We investigate the optical Kerr effect and third harmonic generation (THG) arising from χ(3) of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorence), which is an emerging organic π-conjugated polymer from the perspective of diverse optoelectronic applications. The measured nonlinear refractive index, obtained with closed-aperture Z-scan, is n2 = (2.04±0.10)×10−12 esu at λ = 1540 nm. Open-aperture Z-scan yields the three-photon absorption coefficient of γ = (1.88±0.26)×10−3 cm3/GW2 at λ = 1064 nm, arising from χ(5) response. The wavelength-dependent THG indicates that this semiconducting polymer can be a potentially useful polymer system for nonlinear-optics applications involving high-order optical processes in the mid-IR range.
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78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)
42.65.Jx Beam trapping, self-focusing and defocusing; self-phase modulation
42.65.Ky Frequency conversion; harmonic generation, including higher-order harmonic generation
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