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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 95 / Issue 24 / NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND DESIGN

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 243109 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3273864 (3 pages)

Carbon nanofiber supercapacitors with large areal capacitances

James R. McDonough1, Jang Wook Choi1, Yuan Yang1, Fabio La Mantia1, Yuegang Zhang2, and Yi Cui1

1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
2Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

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(Received 10 November 2009; accepted 19 November 2009; published online 15 December 2009)

We develop supercapacitor (SC) devices with large per-area capacitances by utilizing three-dimensional (3D) porous substrates. Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) functioning as active SC electrodes are grown on 3D nickel foam. The 3D porous substrates facilitate a mass loading of active electrodes and per-area capacitance as large as 60 mg/cm2 and 1.2 F/cm2, respectively. We optimize SC performance by developing an annealing-free CNF growth process that minimizes undesirable nickel carbide formation. Superior per-area capacitances described here suggest that 3D porous substrates are useful in various energy storage devices in which per-area performance is critical.

© 2009 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

carbon fibres, electrodes, metal foams, nanofibres, porous materials, supercapacitors

PACS

  • 84.60.Ve

    Energy storage systems, including capacitor banks

  • 84.32.Tt

    Capacitors

  • 81.05.Rm

    Porous materials; granular materials

  • 81.05.U-

    Carbon/carbon-based materials

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3273864

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0003-6951 (print)  
1077-3118 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    C. Niu, E. K. Sichel, R. Hoch, D. Moy, and H. Tennent, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1480 (1997)APPLAB000070000011001480000001.


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