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21 Dec 2009

Volume 95, Issue 25, Articles (25xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251105 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3275666 (3 pages)

D. Stehr, C. M. Morris, D. Talbayev, M. Wagner, H. C. Kim, A. J. Taylor, H. Schneider, P. M. Petroff, and M. S. Sherwin
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On the symmetry of the morphotropic phase boundary in ferroelectric BiScO3–PbTiO3 system

K. Datta, S. Gorfman, and P. A. Thomas

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251901 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3268478 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 21 December 2009

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A single crystal of (1−x)BiScO3−xPbTiO3 at x = 0.64, which is the morphotropic phase boundary composition for this system, has been investigated utilizing two different types of diffractometry. A total of twenty different reciprocal space maps for different Bragg reflections {hkl} were collected to study their individual splittings. It has been shown that to explain the 2θ splittings observed, a two-phase model is necessary. The best model found consists of either two primitive orthorhombic or two primitive monoclinic lattices and the models previously proposed based on powder diffraction data, consisting rhombohedral or tetragonal symmetries, can be rejected.
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77.84.Cg PZT ceramics and other titanates
81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions

Altering the nucleation of thermally annealed hydrogenated amorphous silicon with laser processing

M. S. Dabney, P. A. Parilla, L. M. Gedvilas, A. H. Mahan, and D. S. Ginley

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251902 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3259654 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 22 December 2009

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We demonstrate the use of laser processing to affect the nucleation of crystallites in thermally annealed hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films. The influence of film H content and subcrystallization threshold laser fluence are investigated by x-ray diffraction measurements during in situ thermal annealing at 600 °C. All laser-treated films show a reduced incubation time for crystallization compared to as-grown films, with the largest differences exhibited for samples with higher film H and higher laser fluences. These results are consistent with multivacancy annihilation by laser processing, based upon a recently developed model for a nucleation center in a-Si:H.
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68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
64.60.Q- Nucleation
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments
81.05.Gc Amorphous semiconductors

Solid-state dewetting of patterned thin films

Donghyun Kim, Amanda L. Giermann, and Carl V. Thompson

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251903 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3268477 (3 pages) | Cited 22 times

Online Publication Date: 22 December 2009

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Gold particle arrays have been produced through solid-state dewetting of patterned gold thin films. Patterns included rectangles and terminated lines of different widths, lengths, and film thickness. The particle spacing in long lines followed a Rayleigh-like dependence on the cross-sectional area of the line. Shorter lines had lower numbers of particles, indicating line-end effects. In some cases, ordered particle arrays were obtained. The probability of forming ordered particle arrays was shown to depend on the relative magnitudes of the length, width, and thickness of patterned structures. These trends are captured in design maps.
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68.55.J- Morphology of films
68.08.Bc Wetting
68.55.jd Thickness

Tactile objects based on an amplitude disturbed diffraction pattern method

Yuan Liu, Jean-Pierre Nikolovski, Nazih Mechbal, Moustapha Hafez, and Michel Vergé

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251904 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3276549 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 23 December 2009

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Tactile sensing is becoming widely used in human-computer interfaces. Recent advances in acoustic approaches demonstrated the possibilities to transform ordinary solid objects into interactive interfaces. This letter proposes a static finger contact localization process using an amplitude disturbed diffraction pattern method. The localization method is based on the following physical phenomenon: a finger contact modifies the energy distribution of acoustic wave in a solid; these variations depend on the wave frequency and the contact position. The presented method first consists of exciting the object with an acoustic signal with plural frequency components. In a second step, a measured acoustic signal is compared with prerecorded values to deduce the contact position. This position is then used for human-machine interaction (e.g., finger tracking on computer screen). The selection of excitation signals is discussed and a frequency choice criterion based on contrast value is proposed. Tests on a sandwich plate (liquid crystal display screen) prove the simplicity and easiness to apply the process in various solids.
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62.65.+k Acoustical properties of solids

Partial strain relaxation via misfit dislocation generation at heterointerfaces in (Al,In)GaN epitaxial layers grown on semipolar (11math2) GaN free standing substrates

Anurag Tyagi, Feng Wu, Erin C. Young, Arpan Chakraborty, Hiroaki Ohta, Rajaram Bhat, Kenji Fujito, Steven P. DenBaars, Shuji Nakamura, and James S. Speck

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251905 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3275717 (3 pages) | Cited 36 times

Online Publication Date: 23 December 2009

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Misfit strain relaxation via misfit dislocation (MD) generation was observed in heteroepitaxially grown (Al,In)GaN layers on free-standing semipolar (11math2) GaN substrates. Cross-section transmission electron microscope images revealed MD arrays at alloy heterointerfaces, with the MD line direction and Burgers vector parallel to [1math00] and [11math0], respectively. The MD structure is consistent with plastic relaxation by dislocation glide on the (0001) plane. Since (0001) is the only slip plane, the plastic relaxation is associated with tilt of the epitaxial (Al,In)GaN layers. The tilt, measured via high-resolution x-ray diffraction, can be used to quantify the relaxation.
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61.72.Ff Direct observation of dislocations and other defects (etch pits, decoration, electron microscopy, x-ray topography, etc.)
68.55.ag Semiconductors
62.40.+i Anelasticity, internal friction, stress relaxation, and mechanical resonances
81.40.Jj Elasticity and anelasticity, stress-strain relations
68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
61.72.Hh Indirect evidence of dislocations and other defects (resistivity, slip, creep, strains, internal friction, EPR, NMR, etc.)

Atomic structure evolution in bulk metallic glass under compressive stress

G. Wang, N. Mattern, S. Pauly, J. Bednarčik, and J. Eckert

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251906 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3276274 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 23 December 2009

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The structural behavior of Cu64.5Zr35.5 bulk metallic glass under compressive stress was investigated by means of in situ high energy x-ray synchrotron diffraction. The topological and chemical short-range order of the glass changes reversible upon loading within the elastic range. The number density of Cu–(Zr,Cu) and Zr–Zr nearest neighbor atomic pairs becomes oriented along the loading direction. The macroscopic stress state is reflected by the medium-range order. The determination of the components of the strain tensor from the shift of the positions of the nearest neighbor distances is not possible due to the structure changes.
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61.43.Dq Amorphous semiconductors, metals, and alloys
64.70.Nd Structural transitions in nanoscale materials
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Copolymer solution-based “smart window”

Xiuqing Gong, Jiaxing Li, Shuyu Chen, and Weijia Wen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 251907 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3276289 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 23 December 2009

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The authors report the design of a prototype smart window based on the phenomenon of the thermally induced aggregation of triblock copolymer poly (ethylene oxide)–poly (propylene oxide)–poly (ethylene oxide) (EPE). Fluorescein isothiocyanate was used to label EPE and study aggregation phenomenon at different temperatures. The cloud point could be tuned by mixing EPE with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and varying the concentration of the latter. The light transmittance at different temperatures was studied as a function of SDS concentration.
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82.35.Jk Copolymers, phase transitions, structure
64.70.Nd Structural transitions in nanoscale materials
78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
82.70.Uv Surfactants, micellar solutions, vesicles, lamellae, amphiphilic systems, (hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions)
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