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10 Aug 2009

Volume 95, Issue 6, Articles (06xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 062501 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3200226 (3 pages)

O. Vávra, W. Pfaff, and Ch. Strunk
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Negative differential resistance based on electron injection/extraction in conducting organic films

Xian Ning Xie, Xingyu Gao, Yuzhan Wang, Junzhong Wang, Kian Ping Loh, and Andrew Thye Shen Wee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 063301 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3202414 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 10 August 2009

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This work reports a mechanism of negative differential resistance (NDR) observed for perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4,9,10-dianhydride (PTCDA) films. The NDR is based on electron injection and extraction at the metal/PTCDA interface, and is governed by the joint effect of electronic and ionic components. Consequently, the NDR behavior exhibits a monotonous dependence on the voltage scan rate, and the number of NDR peaks is also sensitive to the work function of metal electrodes. The results provide further understanding on the diverse manifestation of NDR, and would be useful in organic electronic applications.
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73.61.Ph Polymers; organic compounds
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Large area, continuous, few-layered graphene as anodes in organic photovoltaic devices

Yu Wang, Xiaohong Chen, Yulin Zhong, Furong Zhu, and Kian Ping Loh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 063302 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3204698 (3 pages) | Cited 97 times

Online Publication Date: 13 August 2009

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Large-area, continuous, transparent, and highly conducting few-layered graphene films produced by chemical vapor deposition method were used as anode for application in photovoltaic devices. The noncovalent modification of the graphene films with pyrene buanoic acid succidymidyl ester improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) to 1.71%. This performance corresponds to ∼ 55.2% of the PCE of a control device based on indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4–ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(3-hexyl)thiophene: phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester/LiF/Al electrodes (PCE = 3.1%). This finding paves the way for the substitution of ITO in photovoltaic and electroluminescent devices with low cost graphene films.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
82.33.Ya Chemistry of MOCVD and other vapor deposition methods
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
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Single molecule color controllable light emitting organic field effect transistors for white light emission with high color stability

Tung-Huei Ke, Robert Gehlhaar, Chih-Hsin Chen, Jiann-T Lin, Chung-Chih Wu, and Chihaya Adachi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 063303 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3202763 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 14 August 2009

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The authors report on color controllable white light emission from a unipolar organic light emitting transistor. We demonstrate light emission with two distinct peaks: a spectrally narrow blue emission from monomers and a yellow broadband emission created close to the interface of the organic film and SiO2. Due to the functionality of Mg/Au stacked electrodes, we are able to position the recombination zone via gate voltage control. Therefore, we are able to shift the spectral peak position and change the emission intensity independently by the drain voltage. The emission color is tunable from CIE coordinates (0.27, 0.28) to (0.40, 0.41).
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85.30.Tv Field effect devices
85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices
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Highly efficient polycarbazole-based organic photovoltaic devices

Ta-Ya Chu, Salima Alem, Pierre G. Verly, Salem Wakim, Jianping Lu, Ye Tao, Serge Beaupré, Mario Leclerc, Francis Bélanger, Denis Désilets, Sheila Rodman, David Waller, and Russell Gaudiana

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 063304 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3182797 (3 pages) | Cited 29 times

Online Publication Date: 14 August 2009

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We combined experimental and computational approaches to tune the thickness of the films in poly(N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT)-based organic solar cells to maximize the solar absorption by the active layer. High power-conversion efficiencies of 5.2% and 5.7% were obtained on PCDTBT-based solar cells when using [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC60BM) and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) as the electron acceptor, respectively. The cells are designed to have an active area of 1.0 cm2, which is among the largest organic solar cells in the literature, while maintaining a low series resistance of 5 Ω cm2.
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84.60.Jt Photoelectric conversion
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Chemosensing of 1,4-dinitrobenzene using bisfluorene dendrimer distributed feedback lasers

S. Richardson, H. S. Barcena, G. A. Turnbull, P. L. Burn, and I. D. W. Samuel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 063305 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3189286 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 14 August 2009

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We report the trace vapor detection of the molecule 1,4-dinitrobenzene, a model analyte for the explosive substance 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, via fluoresence quenching of a first generation conjugated dendrimer containing a 2,2′-bis[9,9-di-n-hexylfluorene] core. We show that much greater sensitivity can be obtained by using the material as a surface emitting distributed feedback laser. We find that the slope efficiency of the laser is a convenient and sensitive indicator of the presence of the analyte. The slope efficiency decreases by a factor 50 in the presence of 1,4-dinitrobenzene.
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82.80.-d Chemical analysis and related physical methods of analysis
42.60.Jf Beam characteristics: profile, intensity, and power; spatial pattern formation
42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.62.-b Laser applications
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
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