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24 Aug 2009

Volume 95, Issue 8, Articles (08xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 082507 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3186782 (3 pages)

Sang-Koog Kim, Ki-Suk Lee, and Dong-Soo Han
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Identification of hydrogen and deuterium at the surface of water ice by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy

F. Yubero and K. Tőkési

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 084101 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3202402 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 24 August 2009

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A nondestructive method to distinguish between hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) at surfaces by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy is presented. It is based on the analysis of the energy distributions of electrons elastically backscattered from surfaces containing H or D. We consider standard and deuterated water ices as test surfaces. The recoil energy of the backscattered electrons depends on the atomic mass of the targets, and the contributions of H, D, and O to the measured spectra can be easily separated. The results of Monte Carlo simulations corroborate the experimental findings.
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79.20.Uv Electron energy loss spectroscopy
81.70.-q Methods of materials testing and analysis
02.70.Uu Applications of Monte Carlo methods

Nonlinear electric metamaterials

David A. Powell, Ilya V. Shadrivov, and Yuri S. Kivshar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 084102 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3212726 (3 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 24 August 2009

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We propose and design a new type of nonlinear metamaterials exhibiting a resonant electric response at microwave frequencies. By introducing a varactor diode as a nonlinear element within each resonator, we are able to shift the frequency of the electric mode stop band by changing the incident power without affecting the magnetic response. These elements could be combined with the previously developed nonlinear magnetic metamaterials in order to create negative index media with a control over both electric and magnetic nonlinearities.
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84.32.Tt Capacitors
85.30.Kk Junction diodes
42.70.-a Optical materials
84.40.-x Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology

Excitonic mechanism of the photoinduced surface restructuring of copper

Michel Molotskii

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 084103 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3212727 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 24 August 2009

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An explanation for the photoinduced reconstruction of Cu single-crystal surfaces that was observed by Ernst et al. [Science 279, 679 (1998)] under the influence of visible light is proposed. It is suggested that reconstruction can be attributed to the energy released during the nonradiative decay of excitons that were excited by light irradiation and captured on surface active centers. The estimates performed show that exciton decay on surface steps and adatoms releases enough energy to create surface defects.
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61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena
68.35.bd Metals and alloys
61.72.jj Interstitials

Superhydrophobic behavior achieved from hydrophilic surfaces

Jiadao Wang, Fengbin Liu, Haosheng Chen, and Darong Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 084104 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3212869 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 24 August 2009

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The superhydrophobic behavior of a surface can be generally attributed to the combination of its chemical composition and microscale texture. The surface can be both hydrophobic and rough, and the roughness enhances its hydrophobicity. For a natural or artificial surface, superhydrophobic behavior is generally induced by a structured hydrophobic surface. This paper proposes an alternative; that is the superhydrophobic behavior can be obtained from a structured hydrophilic surface. The superhydrophobic behavior of a T-shape micropillar surface coated with diamond-like carbon has been achieved, which experimentally proved the proposed hypothesis that superhydrophobicity can be created from a hydrophilic surface through surface microstructure modification.
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68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
68.08.Bc Wetting

Structural tunability in metamaterials

Mikhail Lapine, David Powell, Maxim Gorkunov, Ilya Shadrivov, Ricardo Marqués, and Yuri Kivshar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 084105 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3211920 (3 pages) | Cited 23 times

Online Publication Date: 27 August 2009

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We propose an efficient approach for tuning the transmission characteristics of metamaterials through a continuous adjustment of the lattice structure and confirm it experimentally in the microwave range. The concept is rather general and applicable to various metamaterials as long as the effective medium description is valid. The demonstrated continuous tuning of a metamaterial response is highly desirable for a number of emerging applications of metamaterials, including sensors, filters, and switches, realizable in a wide frequency range.
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42.70.-a Optical materials
05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.)

Interplay between plastic deformations and optical properties of metal surfaces: A multiscale study

Michael V. Glazoff, Sergey N. Rashkeev, Yuri P. Pyt’ev, Jeong-Whan Yoon, and Simon Sheu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 084106 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3213391 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 28 August 2009

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Plastic deformations and instabilities may significantly change the surface geometry at macro-, meso-, and nanoscales. Here we investigate an interplay of different plastic instabilities emerging in the course of plastic deformation and optical properties of metal surface. It is demonstrated that optical reflectivity of aluminum surface could be significantly suppressed by a simple uniaxial stretching. On the other hand, embossing certain engineered features into the metal surface could make it significantly brighter. These results provide guidelines for the control of metal surface morphology in order to achieve desirable optical characteristics such as high reflectance and omnidirectional coloration.
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68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
78.68.+m Optical properties of surfaces
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
62.20.fq Plasticity and superplasticity
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
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