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31 Aug 2009

Volume 95, Issue 9, Articles (09xxxx)

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 091901 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3212896 (3 pages)

Noy Bassik, George M. Stern, and David H. Gracias

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BIOPHYSICS AND BIO-INSPIRED SYSTEMS

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Arbitrary multisite two-photon excitation in four dimensions

Vincent Ricardo Daria, Christian Stricker, Richard Bowman, Stephen Redman, and Hans-A. Bachor

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 093701 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3216581 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 2 September 2009

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We demonstrate dynamic and arbitrary multisite two-photon excitation in three dimensions using the holographic projection method. Rapid response (fourth dimension) is achieved through high-speed noniterative calculation of the hologram using a video graphics accelerator board. We verify that the projected asymmetric spot configurations have sufficient spatiotemporal photon density for localized two-photon excitation. This system is a significant advance and can be applied to time-resolved photolysis of caged compounds in biological cells and complex neuronal networks, nonlinear microfabrication and volume holographic optical storage.

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42.50.Hz	Strong-field excitation of optical transitions in quantum systems; multiphoton processes; dynamic Stark shift
42.40.-i	Holography
42.70.Ln	Holographic recording materials; optical storage media
87.18.-h	Biological complexity

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Mechanical changes of living oocytes at maturation investigated by multiple particle tracking

Giuseppe Pesce, Lara Selvaggi, Antonio Caporali, Anna Chiara De Luca, Agostina Puppo, Giulia Rusciano, and Antonio Sasso

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 093702 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3211329 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2009

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We have studied the mechanical properties of the cytoplasm of starfish oocytes before and after maturation using the multiple particle tracking technique. Fluorescent microbeads are microinjected in oocytes of Astropecten aranciacus starfishes. Mechanical properties are obtained analyzing the mean-square displacement (MSD) of the beads trajectories. The ensemble-averaged MSD provides information about diffusion coefficient D, and the cytoplasm viscosity η is estimated through the Stokes–Einstein equation. Results show that maturation is correlated with change of cytoplasm viscosity. The results can be ascribed to F-actin reorganization as also supported by fluorescence confocal microscopy.

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87.17.Rt	Cell adhesion and cell mechanics
87.14.E-	Proteins
87.15.mq	Luminescence

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Unraveled mechanism in silk engineering: Fast reeling induced silk toughening

Xiang Wu, Xiang-Yang Liu, Ning Du, Gangqin Xu, and Baowen Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 093703 (2009); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3216804 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 4 September 2009

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We theoretically and experimentally study the mechanical response of silkworm and spider silks against stretching and the relationship with the underlying structural factors. It is found that the typical stress-strain profiles are predicted in good agreement with experimental measurements by implementing the “β-sheet splitting” mechanism we discovered and verified, primarily varying the secondary structure of protein macromolecules. The functions of experimentally observed structural factors responding to the external stress have been clearly addressed, and optimization of the microscopic structures to enhance the mechanical strength will be pointed out, beneficial to their biomedical and textile applications.

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