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8 Mar 2010

Volume 96, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101501 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3352316 (3 pages)

Bomi Gweon, Daeyeon Kim, Dan Bee Kim, Heesoo Jung, Wonho Choe, and Jennifer H. Shin
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Morphology and bonding states of chemical vapor deposition diamond films nucleation surface

Z. Shpilman, I. Gouzman, E. Grossman, R. Akhvlediani, and A. Hoffman

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3352108 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 9 March 2010

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The morphology and chemical bonding of the nucleation surface of polycrystalline diamond films were studied following the removal of the silicon substrate by acid etching and mild plasma cleaning. Atomic force microscopy characterization of this surface revealed a mosaic structure of cracks arranged in hexagonal patterns. These cracks are correlated with etched twin grain boundaries that surrounded hexagonal diamond crystals at the initial growth stages of the diamond films. High resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy studies indicate that mild annealing of the diamond film caused desorption of various oxides exposing a damaged diamond surface.
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81.05.Cy Elemental semiconductors
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
81.40.Np Fatigue, corrosion fatigue, embrittlement, cracking, fracture, and failure
62.20.mt Cracks
61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries
68.55.ag Semiconductors

An efficient, low profile, electrically small, three-dimensional, very high frequency magnetic EZ antenna

Chia-Ching Lin, Richard W. Ziolkowski, Jean A. Nielsen, Minas H. Tanielian, and Christopher L. Holloway

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3357430 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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A very high frequency version of the electrically small, coax-fed, three-dimensional magnetic EZ antenna was designed and tested. The fabricated antenna was formed by integrating a capacitively loaded loop element with a coaxially-fed, electrically small, semicircular loop antenna. This low profile antenna (height ∼ λ/25) had an electrical size that was ka ∼ 0.46 at 105.2 MHz (where a is the radius of the minimum enclosing hemisphere). Nearly complete matching to the 50 Ω source and a high overall efficiency (nearly 95%) were achieved. The numerically predicted and the measured results were in good agreement.
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84.40.Ba Antennas: theory, components and accessories

Bidirectional electrowetting actuation with voltage polarity dependence

Nathan B. Crane, Alex A. Volinsky, Pradeep Mishra, Ajay Rajgadkar, and Mehdi Khodayari

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3353990 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 11 March 2010

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This work presents an electrowetting system in which the actuation direction depends on the polarity of the applied voltage. Since electrowetting response depends on the voltage squared, it is typically independent of voltage sign to first order. However, the introduction of an electrochemical diode into the equivalent electrical circuit permits polarity-dependent behavior. Electrochemical diodes were created by making holes in the dielectric. The aluminum electrodes passivate and prevent current flow in one direction, creating diodelike electrical behavior with high breakdown voltage. The resulting actuation forces were directly measured and are of comparable magnitude for both actuation directions.
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68.08.Bc Wetting
77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials

Analysis of the power dependent tuning of a varactor-loaded metamaterial at microwave frequencies

Da Huang, Ekaterina Poutrina, and David R. Smith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3356223 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 11 March 2010

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We present an analysis of the nonlinear, power-dependent resonance frequency shift for two metamaterial mediums consisting of arrays of varactor-loaded split ring resonators (VLSRRs). We confirm that, over a limited range of power, a VLSRR medium can be described by its second and third order nonlinear susceptibilities, making it a useful analog medium for the quantitative investigation of other nonlinear phenomena that might be achieved using inherently nonlinear materials integrated into metamaterials. Experimental measurements of the resonance frequency shift with power from fabricated VLSRR samples are found to be in excellent agreement with the analytical model.
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81.05.Xj Metamaterials for chiral, bianisotropic and other complex media
84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
85.30.Kk Junction diodes
84.32.Tt Capacitors

Rotary motion driven by a direct current electric field

Masahiro Takinoue, Yu Atsumi, and Kenichi Yoshikawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104105 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3358385 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 12 March 2010

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We report the rotary motion of an aqueous microdroplet in an oil phase under a stationary direct current electric field. A droplet exhibits rotary motion under a suitable geometrical arrangement of positive and negative electrodes. Rotary motion appears above a certain critical electric potential and its frequency increases with an increase in the potential. A simple theoretical model is proposed to describe the occurrence of this rotary motion, together with an argument for the future expansion of this micro rotary motor system.
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47.32.Ef Rotating and swirling flows
84.50.+d Electric motors
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
47.85.Np Fluidics

Pulse formation in nonlinear left-handed transmission line media

Alexander B. Kozyrev and Daniel W. van der Weide

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 104106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3355548 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 12 March 2010

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We report the experimental observation of rf/microwave pulse formation from second harmonic generation in left-handed nonlinear transmission lines.
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84.40.Ua Telecommunications: signal transmission and processing; communication satellites
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