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8 Mar 2010

Volume 96, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101501 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3352316 (3 pages)

Bomi Gweon, Daeyeon Kim, Dan Bee Kim, Heesoo Jung, Wonho Choe, and Jennifer H. Shin
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Grain-〈111〉-oriented anisotropy in the bonded giant magnetostrictive material

Hao Meng, Tianli Zhang, Chengbao Jiang, and Huibin Xu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102501 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3350891 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2010

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A strong 〈111〉 preferred orientation is induced along the axis of the TbDyFe/epoxy bonded giant magnetostrictive rods by curing the epoxy under a moderate magnetic field. TbDyFe particles with a size distribution of 200–300 μm align in an epoxy matrix, showing an approximate chain structure. A high magnetostrictive performance resulting from the grain-〈111〉-oriented anisotropy is achieved with the longitudinal magnetostriction λ∥ up to 1360×10−6 under the prestress of 17 MPa.
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75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
81.20.-n Methods of materials synthesis and materials processing
81.40.Ef Cold working, work hardening; annealing, post-deformation annealing, quenching, tempering recovery, and crystallization

Temperature induced in-plane/out-of-plane magnetization transition in ferromagnetic Ga0.93Mn0.07As0.94P0.06/(100)GaAs thin films

M. Cubukcu, H. J. von Bardeleben, J. L. Cantin, and A. Lemaître

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102502 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3353997 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2010

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Phosphorous alloying in the y = 0.06 range allows to engineer ferromagnetic Ga1−xMnxAs1−yPy/(100)GaAs thin films with standard x = 0.07 Mn doping in which the easy axes of magnetization can be changed from in-plane to out-of-plane by a small (10 K) temperature rise. Ferromagnetic resonance investigations show the reorientation to be induced by the different temperature dependence of the cubic and uniaxial anisotropy constants.
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68.55.ag Semiconductors
61.72.U- Doping and impurity implantation
81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
85.40.Ry Impurity doping, diffusion and ion implantation technology
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
71.55.Eq III-V semiconductors

Ferrimagnetism in zigzag graphene nanoribbons induced by main-group adatoms

Erjun Kan, Hongjun Xiang, Fang Wu, Changhoon Lee, Jinlong Yang, and Myung-Hwan Whangbo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102503 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3327884 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2010

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Density functional calculations for zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) with adsorbed adatom AD ( = B,C,N) show that these adatoms prefer the sites near the edge, and convert the antiferromagnetism of pristine ZGNRs into ferrimagnetism with high magnetic moment (i.e., 1, 2, and 1 μB per adatom for AD = B, C, and N, respectively). Further, the migration of the adatoms from one edge to the other across the ribbon is difficult. Thus, the ZGNRs with adsorbed adatom are promising for the future development of nanoscale functional spintronics and electric devices.
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75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials

Thin film dielectric microstrip kinetic inductance detectors

Benjamin A. Mazin, Daniel Sank, Sean McHugh, Erik A. Lucero, Andrew Merrill, Jiansong Gao, David Pappas, David Moore, and Jonas Zmuidzinas

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102504 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3314281 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2010

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Microwave kinetic inductance detectors, or MKIDs, are a type of low temperature detector that exhibit intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing at microwave frequencies. We present the first theory and measurements on a MKID based on a microstrip transmission line resonator. A complete characterization of the dielectric loss and noise properties of these resonators is performed, and agrees well with the derived theory. A competitive noise equivalent power of 5×10−17 W Hz−1/2 at 10 Hz has been demonstrated. The resonators exhibit the highest quality factors known in a microstrip resonator with a deposited thin film dielectric.
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84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
07.68.+m Photography, photographic instruments; xerography
84.37.+q Measurements in electric variables (including voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, inductance, impedance, and admittance, etc.)
85.50.-n Dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric devices

Heat assisted spin torque switching of quasistable nanomagnets across a vacuum gap

G. Herzog, S. Krause, and R. Wiesendanger

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102505 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3354023 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 9 March 2010

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Current-induced magnetization switching of thermally quasistable magnetic nanoislands is demonstrated using a spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscope. The magnetization of an individual Fe nanoisland consisting of about 40 atoms on a W(110) surface is reversibly switched between two quasistable states by the application of spin-polarized tunnel current pulses without an applied magnetic field. The pulse length is shown to be crucial for a high switching efficiency. Sweeping the tunnel current from the nanoampere to the microampere regime allows for the determination of critical switching currents.
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68.37.Ef Scanning tunneling microscopy (including chemistry induced with STM)
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
75.78.-n Magnetization dynamics
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials

Readout for phase qubits without Josephson junctions

Matthias Steffen, Shwetank Kumar, David DiVincenzo, George Keefe, Mark Ketchen, Mary Beth Rothwell, and Jim Rozen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102506 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3354089 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 9 March 2010

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We present a readout scheme for phase qubits which eliminates the read-out superconducting quantum interference device so that the entire qubit and measurement circuitry only require a single Josephson junction. Our scheme capacitively couples the phase qubit directly to a transmission line and detects its state after the measurement pulse by determining a frequency shift observable in the forward scattering parameter of the readout microwaves. This readout is extendable to multiple phase qubits coupled to a common readout line and can in principle be used for other flux biased qubits having two quasistable readout configurations.
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84.40.-x Radiowave and microwave (including millimeter wave) technology
85.25.Dq Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs)

Modification of magnetic properties through the control of growth orientation and epitaxial strain in SrRuO3 thin films

B. W. Lee and C. U. Jung

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102507 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3334727 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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We studied the correlation between the magnetic properties and the structural modifications in SrRuO3 thin films. Previous results on the control of growth orientation in SrRuO3 thin film have been rather limited. For example, only orthorhombic a-axis growth could be obtained for SrRuO3 film on SrTiO3 (110) substrates. Here we were able to obtain various SrRuO3 films with (100)o, (010)o, and (111)o growth orientations, as well as with different amount of strain on SrTiO3 (110) substrates by using (Ca,Sr)SnO3 and CaHfO3 buffer layers. The magnetic properties were found to change systematically with the structural distortion of the SrRuO3 thin films.
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75.70.-i Magnetic properties of thin films, surfaces, and interfaces
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
68.55.J- Morphology of films

Spin-torque driven magnetic vortex self-oscillations in perpendicular magnetic fields

G. Finocchio, V. S. Pribiag, L. Torres, R. A. Buhrman, and B. Azzerboni

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102508 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3358387 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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We have employed complete micromagnetic simulations to analyze dc current driven self-oscillations of a vortex core in a spin-valve nanopillar in a perpendicular field by including the coupled effect of the spin-torque and the magnetostatic field computed self-consistently for the entire spin-valve. The vortex in the thicker nanomagnet moves along a quasielliptical trajectory that expands with applied current, resulting in “blueshifting” of the frequency, while the magnetization of the thinner nanomagnet is nonuniform due to the bias current. The simulations explain the experimental magnetoresistance-field hysteresis loop and yield good agreement with the measured frequency versus current behavior of this spin-torque vortex oscillator.
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75.78.Cd Micromagnetic simulations
72.25.-b Spin polarized transport
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects

Nonmagnetic Fe-site doping of BiFeO3 multiferroic ceramics

Jie Wei, Raphael Haumont, Romain Jarrier, Patrik Berhtet, and Brahim Dkhil

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102509 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3327885 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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In this paper, we show that a pure single phase by doping Fe-site of BiFeO3 (BFO) using tetravalent Zr4+ ions can be achieved by introducing cation (Bi3+) vacancies. The structural analysis reveals that the ferroelectric nature of BFO should be weakly affected by 10% of Zr4+ doping as the c/a ratio and the Curie temperature TC remain roughly unchanged compared to that of pure BFO. In contrast, the magnetic properties are affected as a weak ferromagnetism and a change of Néel temperature TN are observed. Beyond the double-exchange interactions arising from the creation of Fe2+, we propose another simple model inducing a local ferromagnetic coupling rather than an antiferromagnetic which considers the replacement of the magnetically active Fe3+, time to time, by a nonactive Zr4+.
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61.72.up Other materials
61.72.jd Vacancies
75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetics
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)

Efficient spin injection into GaAs quantum well across Fe3O4 spin filter

E. Wada, K. Watanabe, Y. Shirahata, M. Itoh, M. Yamaguchi, and T. Taniyama

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102510 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3357436 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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We demonstrate efficient spin injection into GaAs across an Fe3O4 electrode. Spin polarization of electrons injected into a GaAs quantum well becomes significantly large below 120 K, reaching a value of 33% at 10 K. The large spin polarization is likely due to spin filtering effect across the insulating ferrimagnetic Fe3O4 layer at the interface. The results indicate that spin filtering effect across Fe3O4 is a very promising means to enhance the spin injection efficiency into semiconductors.
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68.65.Fg Quantum wells
81.07.St Quantum wells
72.25.-b Spin polarized transport
75.50.Gg Ferrimagnetics
81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors

Thermomagnetically patterned micromagnets

F. Dumas-Bouchiat, L. F. Zanini, M. Kustov, N. M. Dempsey, R. Grechishkin, K. Hasselbach, J. C. Orlianges, C. Champeaux, A. Catherinot, and D. Givord

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102511 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3341190 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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Thermomagnetic patterning (TMP) of 4 μm thick high performance NdFeB hard magnetic films deposited on Si substrates has been achieved using single pulsed laser irradiation. Uniaxially magnetised chessboard and stripe patterns with lateral feature sizes in the range 50–100 μm were produced. The depth of reversal was estimated, using both global (vibrating sample magnetometry) and localized (scanning Hall probe) measurements, to be in the range of 1.1–1.2 μm. A simple model provides semiquantitative agreement with the experimental results. A linear Halbach array was fabricated to demonstrate the potential of TMP for the realization of complex multidirectional microflux sources.
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75.70.-i Magnetic properties of thin films, surfaces, and interfaces
72.15.Jf Thermoelectric and thermomagnetic effects

Tc = 21 K in epitaxial FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films with biaxial compressive strain

E. Bellingeri, I. Pallecchi, R. Buzio, A. Gerbi, D. Marrè, M. R. Cimberle, M. Tropeano, M. Putti, A. Palenzona, and C. Ferdeghini

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102512 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3358148 (3 pages) | Cited 41 times

Online Publication Date: 12 March 2010

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Epitaxial FeSe0.5Te0.5 thin films with different thickness were grown by pulsed laser ablation deposition on different substrates. High purity phase and fully epitaxial growth were obtained. By varying the film thickness, superconducting transition temperatures up to 21 K were observed, significantly larger than the bulk value 16.2 K. Structural analyses indicated that the c-axis is smaller than the bulk value but it is almost independent of the film thickness and the a-axis changes significantly with the film thickness and is linearly related to the Tc. The latter result indicates the important role of the compressive strain in enhancing Tc. Tc is also related to both the Fe–(Se,Te) bond length and angle, suggesting the possibility of further enhancement.
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74.78.-w Superconducting films and low-dimensional structures
74.70.Ad Metals; alloys and binary compounds (including A15, MgB2, etc.)
74.62.Bf Effects of material synthesis, crystal structure, and chemical composition

Fabrication of bulk nanocomposite magnets via severe plastic deformation and warm compaction

Chuanbing Rong, Ying Zhang, Narayan Poudyal, Xiangyuan Xiong, M. J. Kramer, and J. Ping Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102513 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3358390 (3 pages) | Cited 16 times

Online Publication Date: 12 March 2010

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We demonstrate that a SmCo/FeCo based hard/soft nanocomposite material can be fabricated by distributing the soft magnetic α-Fe phase particles homogeneously in a hard magnetic SmCo phase through severe plastic deformation. The soft-phase particle size can be reduced from micrometers to smaller than 15 nm upon deformation. Up to 30% of the soft phase can be incorporated into the composites without coarsening. A warm compaction process of the plastically deformed powder particles then produces bulk nanocomposite magnets of fully dense nanocomposites with energy product up to 19.2 MGOe owing to effective interphase exchange coupling, which makes this type of nanocomposite magnets suitable for high energy-density applications at high temperatures.
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81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
75.75.Cd Fabrication of magnetic nanostructures
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials

Estimating the spin diffusion length of semiconducting Indium Tin Oxide using Co/Indium Tin Oxide/Co spin valve junctions

A. M. H. R. Hakimi, N. Banerjee, A. Aziz, J. W. A. Robinson, and M. G. Blamire

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 102514 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3339882 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 12 March 2010

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We have measured the transport behavior of Co/Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/Co current-perpendicular-to-plane submicron spin-valve devices with ITO spacer thickness up to 20 nm, fabricated directly using a three-dimensional focused-ion beam etching technique. Using a simplified Valet–Fert model, we have determined a spin asymmetry ratio for Co of 0.55 and spin diffusion length of 6±1 nm in semiconducting ITO at room temperature.
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75.70.Cn Magnetic properties of interfaces (multilayers, superlattices, heterostructures)
75.40.Gb Dynamic properties (dynamic susceptibility, spin waves, spin diffusion, dynamic scaling, etc.)
81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
73.40.Sx Metal-semiconductor-metal structures
75.50.Cc Other ferromagnetic metals and alloys
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