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8 Mar 2010

Volume 96, Issue 10, Articles (10xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101501 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3352316 (3 pages)

Bomi Gweon, Daeyeon Kim, Dan Bee Kim, Heesoo Jung, Wonho Choe, and Jennifer H. Shin
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Simultaneous generation of intersubband absorption and quantum well intermixing through silicon ion implantation in undoped InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells

G. W. Cong, R. Akimoto, S. Gozu, T. Mozume, T. Hasama, and H. Ishikawa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101901 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3357433 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 8 March 2010

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We demonstrated the intersubband absorption in undoped InGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum wells through silicon ion implantation and rapid thermal annealing. For an implantation dose of 1×1014 cm−2, the actual carrier density of a sample annealed at 600 °C for 1 min was ∼ 7.5×1013 cm−2 ( ∼ 75% activation efficiency); the activation energy was ∼ 1.41 eV. The simultaneously generated quantum well intermixing (QWI) was nonuniform due to the silicon ion distribution. The effects of QWI nonuniformity on both intersubband and interband transitions were explained by eight-band k⋅p calculation. This study will open a route for monolithic integration of intersubband-transition-based high-speed all-optical switches.
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78.67.De Quantum wells
73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
81.07.St Quantum wells
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
61.72.uj III-V and II-VI semiconductors

Effect of trace moisture on friction

Y. Liu and I. Szlufarska

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101902 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3356222 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 9 March 2010

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We report that even in nominally dry conditions trace moisture present on hydrophilic surfaces of SiC leads to a considerable increase in friction via formation of hydrogen bonds across the sliding interface. We perform quantum mechanical calculations to demonstrate that frictional instabilities on such surfaces are related to formation and breaking of hydrogen bonds between surface hydroxyl groups and to the elastic rotation of these groups. We perform a theoretical analysis based on the modified Prandtl–Tomlinson model and we predict that in the presence of trace moisture friction force will have logarithmic dependence on the sliding velocity.
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81.40.Pq Friction, lubrication, and wear
68.08.Bc Wetting
82.30.Rs Hydrogen bonding, hydrophilic effects
62.20.Qp Friction, tribology, and hardness

The transition from smooth modification to nanograting in fused silica

Feng Liang, Quan Sun, Daniel Gingras, Réal Vallée, and See Leang Chin

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101903 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3358120 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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The transition from smooth modification to nanograting was observed during nanograting formation in fused silica. This transition is very sensitive to the input laser intensity. A small deviation from the critical intensity will result in the formation of either smooth modification or nanograting. There is an increase in the width of nanograting zone as compared to the smooth modification zone; the former could be due to the increase of the highly localized nonlinear absorption in the direction perpendicular to the laser polarization. Well-shaped nanograting can be fabricated with intensity slightly higher than the threshold.
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42.82.Cr Fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer
42.86.+b Optical workshop techniques
81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
42.79.Dj Gratings

Higher order conformation of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy

Hiromichi Hoshina, Yusuke Morisawa, Harumi Sato, Akitsugu Kamiya, Isao Noda, Yukihiro Ozaki, and Chiko Otani

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101904 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3358146 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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Terahertz absorption spectra of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates) with different conformations were measured by using a terahertz time domain spectrometer. Sharp absorption peaks were observed in the spectrum of crystalline samples. The orientation direction of the transition dipole moment was investigated by the polarization spectra. The peak at 2.92 THz was assigned to a vibration of helical structure along the fiber axis, and the peak at 2.49 THz was attributed to a vibration due to the hydrogen bonding between helix structures. The temperature dependence of the spectra reflects the change in the hydrogen bonding distance and melting process of the crystalline structure.
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63.50.-x Vibrational states in disordered systems
64.70.dj Melting of specific substances

Experimental demonstration of the negative refraction of a transverse elastic wave in a two-dimensional solid phononic crystal

Bruno Morvan, Alain Tinel, Anne-Christine Hladky-Hennion, Jérôme Vasseur, and Bertrand Dubus

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101905 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3302456 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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The negative refraction of transverse elastic waves is demonstrated experimentally in a two-dimensional phononic crystal (PC) made of a square lattice of cylindrical air cavities in an aluminum matrix. Dispersion curves of elastic waves in this PC exhibit a unique branch with phase and group velocities of opposite signs in a broad frequency range. Measurement of refraction angles through prismatic PC included in an aluminum block demonstrates negative refraction of elastic transverse wave.
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63.22.Kn Clusters and nanocrystals
62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations

Ab initio thermodynamic model to assess stability of heterostructure nanocrystals

T. Sadowski and R. Ramprasad

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101906 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3330924 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 10 March 2010

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The tendency for homogenization of CdSe-CdTe heterostructure semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with an abrupt interface has been studied using a phenomenological model with parameters determined by ab initio density functional theory. Results indicate that wurtzite-based CdSe-CdTe heterostructure NCs with sizes greater than ∼ 1000 Å are the most stable, preferring an abrupt interface below 500 K.
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61.46.Hk Nanocrystals
68.65.Cd Superlattices
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
65.80.-g Thermal properties of small particles, nanocrystals, nanotubes, and other related systems

Limitations to band gap tuning in nitride semiconductor alloys

I. Gorczyca, T. Suski, N. E. Christensen, and A. Svane

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 101907 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3357419 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 11 March 2010

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Relations between the band gaps of nitride alloys and their lattice parameters are presented and limits to tuning of the fundamental gap in nitride semiconductors are set by combining a large number of experimental data with ab initio theoretical calculations. Large band gap bowings obtained theoretically for GaxAl1−xN, InxGa1−xN, and InxAl1−xN for uniform as well as clustered arrangements of the cation atoms are considered in the theoretical analysis. It is shown that indium plays a particular role in nitride alloys being responsible for most of the observed effects.
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71.20.Nr Semiconductor compounds
71.15.-m Methods of electronic structure calculations
61.66.Fn Inorganic compounds
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