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17 May 2010

Volume 96, Issue 20, Articles (20xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3429125 (3 pages)

Qimin Quan, Parag B. Deotare, and Marko Loncar
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Nanograss and nanostructure formation on silicon using a modified deep reactive ion etching

M. Mehran, S. Mohajerzadeh, Z. Sanaee, and Y. Abdi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3428360 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 17 May 2010

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Silicon nanograss and nanostructures are realized using a modified deep reactive ion etching technique on both plane and vertical surfaces of a silicon substrate. The etching process is based on a sequential passivation and etching cycle, and it can be adjusted to achieve grassless high aspect ratio features as well as grass-full surfaces. The incorporation of nanostructures onto vertically placed parallel fingers of an interdigital capacitive accelerometer increases the total capacitance from 0.45 to 30 pF. Vertical structures with features below 100 nm have been realized.
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81.65.Cf Surface cleaning, etching, patterning
81.16.Rf Micro- and nanoscale pattern formation
81.07.Bc Nanocrystalline materials
81.65.Rv Passivation
52.77.Bn Etching and cleaning

Photonic crystal nanobeam cavity strongly coupled to the feeding waveguide

Qimin Quan, Parag B. Deotare, and Marko Loncar

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3429125 (3 pages) | Cited 36 times

Online Publication Date: 17 May 2010

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A deterministic design of an ultrahigh Q-factor, wavelength-scale photonic crystal nanobeam cavity is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Using this approach, cavities with Q>106 and on-resonance transmission T>90% are designed. The devices, fabricated in silicon and capped with a low refractive index polymer, have experimental Q = 80 000 and T = 73%. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest transmission measured in deterministically designed, wavelength-scale high-Q cavities.
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42.82.Gw Other integrated-optical elements and systems
42.79.Gn Optical waveguides and couplers
42.70.Jk Polymers and organics
42.70.Qs Photonic bandgap materials

Liquid cell with plasmon lenses for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

V. Vlasko-Vlasov, A. Joshi-Imre, J. T. Bahns, L. Chen, L. Ocola, and U. Welp

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3429605 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 18 May 2010

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High-fidelity surface enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of Rhodamine 6G and 2-mercaptopyrimidine liquid solutions are measured using a microfluidic delivery system constructed on a flat silver substrate. Microscopic plasmon lenses patterned in the silver film focus surface plasmons into a subwavelength spot which yields the light amplification required for SERS. The system provides an efficiency similar to traditional colloidal substrates, and allows multiple sample loading. We find that the main contribution to the spectra comes from the molecules directly attached to the silver surface, which gives strong evidence for the chemical enhancement of SERS.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Valence state dependent room-temperature ferromagnetism in Fe-doped ceria nanocrystals

Z. D. Dohčević-Mitrović, N. Paunović, M. Radović, Z. V. Popović, B. Matović, B. Cekić, and V. Ivanovski

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431581 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 18 May 2010

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Room-temperature ferromagnetism was observed in undoped and Fe2+(3+)-doped CeO2 nanocrystals. In Fe-doped samples the enhancement of ferromagnetic ordering occurs by changing the valence state of Fe ions, whereas Raman spectra demonstrated strong electron-molecular vibrational coupling and increase in oxygen vacancy concentration. Air annealing showed degradation of ferromagnetic ordering and appearance of hematite phase in Fe3+-doped sample. The observed ferromagnetic coupling in Fe-doped samples, associated with the presence of magnetic ions mediated by single charged O2− vacancies, demonstrated that valence state of dopant has a strong influence on magnetic properties of CeO2 nanoparticles.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
71.20.Ps Other inorganic compounds
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures
81.40.Gh Other heat and thermomechanical treatments

Performance of an AuPd micromechanical resonator as a temperature sensor

Ashok Kumar Pandey, Oded Gottlieb, Oleg Shtempluck, and Eyal Buks

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203105 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431614 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 18 May 2010

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In this work we study the sensitivity of the primary resonance of an electrically excited microresonator for the possible usage of a temperature sensor. We find a relatively high normalized responsivity factor Rf = |mathmath| = 0.37 with a quality factor of ∼ 105. To understand this outcome we perform a theoretical analysis based on experimental observation. We find that the dominant contribution to the responsivity comes from the temperature dependence of the tension in the beam. Subsequently, Rf is found to be inversely proportional to the initial tension. Corresponding to a particular temperature, the tension can be increased by applying a bias voltage.
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85.85.+j Micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) and devices
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems

Load-driven morphological evolution in covalently bridged multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Xu Huang and Sulin Zhang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3428581 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 19 May 2010

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Under pure bending or compression multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with interwall covalent bridges exhibit evolving morphologies, ranging from uniform deformation, wavelike rippling, to Yoshimura (diamond-shaped) pattern. Using large-scale coarse-grained simulations, we map out the morphological phase diagram in the space of applied strain and interwall bridging density and find that the three deformation phases are separated by two linear transition boundaries. Our energetics analyses reveal that the relative significance of the in-plane deformation energy and the interwall bridging energy determines the shape space of MWCNTs. The multiple morphological transformations open pathways for mechanically tuning the electronic and magnetic properties of MWCNTs.
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81.30.Hd Constant-composition solid-solid phase transformations: polymorphic, massive, and order-disorder
64.70.K- Solid-solid transitions
61.46.Fg Nanotubes
81.40.Lm Deformation, plasticity, and creep
62.20.F- Deformation and plasticity
81.30.Dz Phase diagrams of other materials

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on coupled two-layer nanorings

Yumin Hou, Jun Xu, Pengwei Wang, and Dapeng Yu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203107 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431273 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 20 May 2010

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A reproducible quasi-three-dimensional structure, composed of top and bottom concentric nanorings with same periodicity but different widths and no overlapping at the perpendicular direction, is built up by a separation-layer method, which results in huge enhancement of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) due to the coupling of plasmons. Simulations show plasmonic focusing with “hot arcs” of electromagnetic enhancement meeting the need of quantitative SERS with extremely high sensitivities. In addition, the separation-layer method opens a simple and effective way to adjust the coupling of plasmons among nanostructures which is essential for the fabrication of SERS-based sensors.
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78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
78.30.-j Infrared and Raman spectra
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Large-area graphene on polymer film for flexible and transparent anode in field emission device

Ved Prakash Verma, Santanu Das, Indranil Lahiri, and Wonbong Choi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203108 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431630 (3 pages) | Cited 35 times

Online Publication Date: 20 May 2010

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We present the fabrication and electrical characterization of large graphene structure on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible substrate. Graphene film was grown on Cu foil by thermal chemical vapor deposition and transferred to PET by using hot press lamination. The graphene/PET film shows high quality, flexible transparent conductive structure with unique electrical-mechanical properties; ∼ 88.80% light transmittance and ∼ 1.1742 kΩ/sq sheet resistance. We demonstrate application of graphene/PET film as flexible and transparent electrode for field emission displays. Our proposed techniques can be tailored for any flexible substrate and large scale production, which could open up exciting device applications in foldable electronics.
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81.05.ue Graphene
68.55.A- Nucleation and growth
61.48.Gh Structure of graphene
79.70.+q Field emission, ionization, evaporation, and desorption
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
81.20.Ev Powder processing: powder metallurgy, compaction, sintering, mechanical alloying, and granulation

Evolution of resistive switching over bias duration of single Ag2S nanowires

Zhi-Min Liao, Chong Hou, Hong-Zhou Zhang, Ding-Sheng Wang, and Da-Peng Yu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203109 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3432665 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2010

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We report resistive switching in single Ag2S nanowires contacted with two silver electrodes. The resistance evolution over time was studied by persistently applying a fixed 0.1 V bias at 10 K, and it is found that the device alternated at the ON and OFF states. The resistive switching behaviors are ascribed to the formation and rupture of metallic Ag filament inside the Ag2S nanowire. The wait time for such switching was significantly longer than those previously reported (a few seconds for the initial switching on, by Liang et al., [Small 1, 971 (2005)]) , which was discussed by considering the local Joule heat and charge accumulation during the wait time. The devices may have potential applications on nonvolatile memory.
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73.63.Nm Quantum wires
66.30.H- Self-diffusion and ionic conduction in nonmetals
84.30.Sk Pulse and digital circuits
73.40.Ns Metal-nonmetal contacts
81.07.Gf Nanowires

Fast reset and suppressing spontaneous emission of a superconducting qubit

M. D. Reed, B. R. Johnson, A. A. Houck, L. DiCarlo, J. M. Chow, D. I. Schuster, L. Frunzio, and R. J. Schoelkopf

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203110 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3435463 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2010

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Spontaneous emission through a coupled cavity can be a significant decay channel for qubits in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We present a circuit design that effectively eliminates spontaneous emission due to the Purcell effect while maintaining strong coupling to a low-Q cavity. Excellent agreement over a wide range in frequency is found between measured qubit relaxation times and the predictions of a circuit model. Using fast (nanosecond time-scale) flux biasing of the qubit, we demonstrate in situ control of qubit lifetime over a factor of 50. We realize qubit reset with 99.9% fidelity in 120 ns.
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03.67.Lx Quantum computation architectures and implementations
03.67.Hk Quantum communication
42.50.Pq Cavity quantum electrodynamics; micromasers

Spectroscopy of neutral and charged exciton states in single CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals

Y. Louyer, L. Biadala, Ph. Tamarat, and B. Lounis

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203111 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3435464 (3 pages) | Cited 13 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2010

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We report a low temperature spectroscopic study of the lowest-energy exciton states in single CdSe/ZnS colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). In their neutral charge state, the zero-phonon lines of the lowest two levels of the band-edge exciton fine structure are directly observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The attribution of these lines is confirmed by polarization-resolved studies of the PL spectrum and decay. We also identified the emission from charged NCs which displays a single zero-phonon line ∼ 17 meV redshifted with respect to the neutral NC emission lines. This bright trion state has a lifetime which ranges from 1.5 to 4.5 ns.
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78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
78.55.Et II-VI semiconductors
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
71.35.Pq Charged excitons (trions)

Thermal conductivity of graphene ribbons from equilibrium molecular dynamics: Effect of ribbon width, edge roughness, and hydrogen termination

William J. Evans, Lin Hu, and Pawel Keblinski

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203112 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3435465 (3 pages) | Cited 39 times

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2010

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We use equilibrium molecular dynamic simulations to compute thermal conductivity of graphene nanoribbons with smooth and rough edges. We also study effects of hydrogen termination. We find that conductivity is the highest for smooth edges and is essentially the same for zigzag and armchair edges. In the case of rough edges, the thermal conductivity is a strong function of the ribbon width indicating the important effect of phonon scattering from the edge. Hydrogen termination also reduces conductivity by a significant amount.
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81.05.ue Graphene
66.70.Lm Other systems such as ionic crystals, molecular crystals, nanotubes, etc.
68.35.B- Structure of clean surfaces (and surface reconstruction)
61.72.up Other materials
61.48.Gh Structure of graphene
61.46.-w Structure of nanoscale materials

Mechanism of surface leakage of nanoscale Schottky contacts between ErSi2 nanoislands and Si(001)

J. Q. Song, T. Ding, and Q. Cai

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 203113 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3435471 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 21 May 2010

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The surface leakage mechanism of nanoscale Schottky contacts between epitaxially grown ErSi2 nanoislands and p-Si(100) is investigated by using controlled surface adsorption of O2 and NH3. The surface leakage conduction is found to play a dominant role in the electrical transport of the nanocontacts. Interestingly, the surface leakage current increases linearly with reverse bias but it increases exponentially with forward bias. This behavior can be explained using surface-state conduction with reverse bias and low surface barrier region with forward bias.
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73.30.+y Surface double layers, Schottky barriers, and work functions
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology
73.25.+i Surface conductivity and carrier phenomena
73.20.-r Electron states at surfaces and interfaces
68.43.Mn Adsorption kinetics
68.55.Nq Composition and phase identification
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