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24 May 2010

Volume 96, Issue 21, Articles (21xxxx)

Issue Cover Spotlight Figure

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 213701 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431628 (3 pages)

Satish Rao, Saurabh Raj, Stefan Balint, Carlota Bardina Fons, Susana Campoy, Montserrat Llagostera, and Dmitri Petrov
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Model for thermoacoustic emission from solids

Hanping Hu, Tao Zhu, and Jun Xu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 214101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3435429 (3 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 24 May 2010

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A model for the thermoacoustic (TA) emission in both low and high frequency ranges is derived by fully coupled thermal-mechanical analysis. Accordingly, it has been theoretically confirmed that there exists a very wide range of constant (flat) amplitude-frequency response mostly in ultrasonic region for TA emission from any solid, and its existence conditions and frequency range as well as calculation formula are clarified and particularly given. The theory developed in this work agrees well with the experimental results, and is applicable to a variety of TA emission problems.
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43.35.Ud Thermoacoustics, high temperature acoustics, photoacoustic effect
62.65.+k Acoustical properties of solids

Triple-junction contribution to diffusion in nanocrystalline Si

A. Portavoce, L. Chow, and J. Bernardini

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 214102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3435476 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 24 May 2010

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The influence of triple-junctions on experimental Ge diffusion profiles (850–1000 °C) in nanocrystalline Si is investigated using three-dimensional finite element simulations. We found that triple-junction diffusion is not negligible in nanocrystalline Si made of 40 nm wide grains. Ge triple-junction diffusion coefficient follows the Arrhenius law 5.72×104 exp(−3.24 eV/kT)cm2 s−1. It is approximately 4.7×102 times higher than grain boundary diffusion coefficient, even though diffusion in triple-junction and in grain boundary exhibits similar activation energy.
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66.30.Pa Diffusion in nanoscale solids
66.30.Lw Diffusion of other defects
61.72.Mm Grain and twin boundaries

Magnetopiezoelastic energy harvesting driven by random excitations

G. Litak, M. I. Friswell, and S. Adhikari

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 214103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3436553 (3 pages) | Cited 15 times

Online Publication Date: 24 May 2010

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This letter considers a nonlinear piezomagnetoelastic energy harvester driven by stationary Gaussian white noise. The increase in the energy generated by this device has been demonstrated for harmonic excitation with slowly varying frequency in simulation and validated by experiment. This paper considers the simulated response of this validated model to random base excitation and shows that the system exhibits a stochastic resonance. If the variance of the excitation were known then the device may be optimized to maximize the power harvested, even under random excitation.
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75.80.+q Magnetomechanical effects, magnetostriction
05.45.-a Nonlinear dynamics and chaos
05.40.Ca Noise
72.70.+m Noise processes and phenomena

Electromagnetic control of coupled droplets

Bernard A. Malouin, Michael J. Vogel, and Amir H. Hirsa

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 214104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3428787 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 24 May 2010

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Electromagnetism offers several advantages for moving capillary surfaces, including energy efficiency, fast response, and device integrability. Here, we demonstrate electromagnetic control of a pinned-contact, coupled droplet system using aqueous ferrofluids. A time-varying magnetic field provides the necessary perturbation to toggle millimeter scale capillary switches. Furthermore, periodic magnetic fields can drive coupled droplets at resonant frequencies approaching 100 Hz using only 1 V by balancing capillary forces with liquid inertia. These addressable devices may find applications in adaptive optics, fluidic actuators, and read-write arrays.
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47.85.L- Flow control
47.55.D- Drops and bubbles
47.65.Cb Magnetic fluids and ferrofluids
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