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31 May 2010

Volume 96, Issue 22, Articles (22xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 223101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3439728 (3 pages)

Seokho Yun, Jeremy A. Bossard, Theresa S. Mayer, and Douglas H. Werner
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Effective band gap narrowing of anatase TiO2 by strain along a soft crystal direction

Wan-Jian Yin, Shiyou Chen, Ji-Hui Yang, Xin-Gao Gong, Yanfa Yan, and Su-Huai Wei

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221901 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3430005 (3 pages) | Cited 18 times

Online Publication Date: 2 June 2010

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Due to its large band gap (3.2 eV), TiO2 cannot absorb sun light effectively. To reduce its band gap, various approaches have been attempted; most of them are using doping to modify its band structure. Using first-principles band structure calculations, we show that unlike the rutile phases, the band gap of TiO2 in the anatase phase can be effectively reduced by applying stress along a soft direction. We propose that this approach of tuning the band gap by applying stress along soft direction of a layered semiconductor is general and should be applicable to other anisotropic materials.
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71.20.-b Electron density of states and band structure of crystalline solids
73.20.At Surface states, band structure, electron density of states
71.15.Mb Density functional theory, local density approximation, gradient and other corrections

Compositionally driven ferroelectric phase transition in xBiInO3–(1−x)BaTiO3: a lead-free perovskite-based piezoelectric material

K. Datta, E. Suard, and P. A. Thomas

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221902 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3442504 (3 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 2 June 2010

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A comprehensive structural investigation has been carried out on xBiInO3–(1−x)BaTiO3, where x ≤ 0.25, using the high resolution neutron powder diffractometer D2B at Institut Laue-Langevin, France. The room temperature structures of eight different compositions between x = 0.03 and 0.25 of this solid solution have been determined through Rietveld refinement. A gradual structural phase transition has been observed as a function of composition, where the tetragonal (P4mm) structure (ferroelectric phase) has transformed into a cubic (Pmmathm) structure (paraelectric phase) after passing through a region of coexisting phases. Details of the crystallographic information obtained from the refinement have been presented.
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77.80.B- Phase transitions and Curie point
77.84.-s Dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and antiferroelectric materials
64.75.Nx Phase separation and segregation in solid solutions

Synthesis and characterization of CsSnI3 thin films

Kai Shum, Zhuo Chen, Jawad Qureshi, Chonglong Yu, Jian J. Wang, William Pfenninger, Nemanja Vockic, John Midgley, and John T. Kenney

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221903 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3442511 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 2 June 2010

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We report on the synthesis and characterization of CsSnI3 perovskite semiconductor thin films deposited on inexpensive substrates such as glass and ceramics. These films contained polycrystalline domains with typical size of 300 nm. It is confirmed experimentally that CsSnI3 compound in its black phase is a direct band-gap semiconductor, consistent with the calculated band structure from the first principles. The band gap is determined to be ∼ 1.3 eV at Γ point at room temperature.
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68.55.ag Semiconductors
73.61.Le Other inorganic semiconductors
78.66.Li Other semiconductors

Microstructure of epitaxial strained BiCrO3 thin films

A. David, Ph. Boullay, R. V. K. Mangalam, N. Barrier, and W. Prellier

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221904 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3435486 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 2 June 2010

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The structure and microstructure of fully strained BiCrO3 thin films have been investigated by x-rays diffraction and transmission electron diffraction, at room temperature. Interestingly, three structural variants are simultaneously stabilized within the film. While two of them are consistent with the existing phases in the bulk-below and above the 420 K structural transition, a different phase is identified. The existence of various structures has been attributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of local strains and oxygens resulting from a minimization of the strain-energy at the interface. These findings will open the route to a better understanding of Bi-based perovskites and metastable phases.
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81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition
68.55.aj Insulators
68.55.J- Morphology of films
68.55.Nq Composition and phase identification
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties

Ferroelectric polarization and domain walls in orthorhombic (K1−xNax)NbO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics

Ning Lu, Rong Yu, Zhiying Cheng, Yejing Dai, Xiaowen Zhang, and Jing Zhu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221905 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3442905 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 2 June 2010

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Combining aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with first-principles calculations, we have investigated the ferroelectric polarization and the atomic structures of 60°/120° domain walls in orthorhombic (K0.46Na0.54)NbO3 lead-free ferroelectric ceramics. The projections of cation-oxygen dipoles across the 60°/120° domain walls were determined using the recently developed negative spherical-aberration imaging technique. The measured ferroelectric distortion matched well with that obtained from first-principles calculations. The width across the wall was measured to be ∼ 1.1 nm.
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77.80.Dj Domain structure; hysteresis
75.60.Ch Domain walls and domain structure
78.20.Jq Electro-optical effects
71.15.-m Methods of electronic structure calculations

Terahertz radiation from coherent antiferromagnetic magnons excited by femtosecond laser pulses

Junichi Nishitani, Kohei Kozuki, Takeshi Nagashima, and Masanori Hangyo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221906 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3436635 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 3 June 2010

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We report on the observation of terahertz (THz) radiation emitted from antiferromagnetic (AFM) single-crystal nickel oxide irradiated with femtosecond laser pulses. Periodic oscillations observed in the THz waveforms are assigned to the radiation from coherent AFM magnons excited by the laser pulses. Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering process is a possible mechanism of the coherent AFM magnon excitation by the laser pulses. The excited magnons in NiO generate THz waves by magnetic dipole radiation, which is the inverse process of AFM resonance absorption of THz waves.
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78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
76.50.+g Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance
78.30.Hv Other nonmetallic inorganics
75.50.Ee Antiferromagnetics

Electron coherent diffraction tomography of a nanocrystal

Roman Dronyak, Keng S. Liang, Jin-Sheng Tsai, Yuri P. Stetsko, Ting-Kuo Lee, and Fu-Rong Chen

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221907 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3436639 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 3 June 2010

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Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) with electron or x-ray sources is a promising technique for investigating the structure of nanoparticles down to the atomic scale. In electron CDI, a two-dimensional reconstruction is demonstrated using highly coherent illumination from a field-emission gun as a source of electrons. In a three-dimensional (3D) electron CDI, we experimentally determine the morphology of a single MgO nanocrystal using the Bragg diffraction geometry. An iterative algorithm is applied to invert the 3D diffraction pattern about a (200) reflection of the nanoparticle measured at an angular range of 1.8°. The results reveal a 3D image of the sample at ∼ 8 nm resolution, and agree with a simulation. Our work demonstrates an alternative approach to obtain the 3D structure of nanocrystals with an electron microscope.
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61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
61.05.J- Electron diffraction and scattering

Structural evolution during the sub-Tg relaxation of hyperquenched metallic glasses

Lina Hu, Chunzhi Zhang, and Yuanzheng Yue

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221908 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3447373 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 4 June 2010

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We report the structural characteristics during the sub-Tg relaxation in hyperquenched La55Al25Ni20 glasses. The sub-Tg relaxation is associated with the structural change in intermediate range order, as manifested by the appearance of a prepeak in the x-ray diffraction spectrum. Such structural change could be the source of the Johari–Goldstein relaxation in metallic glasses. The mechanism governing the evolution of the prepeak is different between the glasses with the fictive temperature below 604 K and those above 604 K. Cooperative motion of atoms in La-centered clusters was further discussed in terms of the atomic bond deficiency model.
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61.43.Fs Glasses
64.70.pe Metallic glasses
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