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14 Jun 2010

Volume 96, Issue 24, Articles (24xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 241101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3449576 (3 pages)

Rui Chen, H. D. Sun, T. Wang, K. N. Hui, and H. W. Choi
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Spin wave assisted current induced magnetic domain wall motion

Mahdi Jamali, Hyunsoo Yang, and Kyung-Jin Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242501 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3446833 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2010

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The interaction between the propagating spin waves and the current driven motion of a transverse domain wall in magnetic nanowires is studied by micromagnetic simulations. If the speed of domain walls due to current induced spin transfer torque is comparable to the velocity driven by spin waves, the speed of domain wall is improved by applying spin waves. The domain wall velocity can be manipulated by the frequency and amplitude of spin waves. The effect of spin waves is suppressed in the high current density regime in which the domain wall is mostly driven by current induced spin transfer torque.
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75.75.Fk Domain structures in nanoparticles
75.50.Tt Fine-particle systems; nanocrystalline materials
75.30.Ds Spin waves
75.60.Ch Domain walls and domain structure

Structure, magnetic, and microwave properties of thick Ba-hexaferrite films epitaxially grown on GaN/Al2O3 substrates

Z. Chen, A. Yang, K. Mahalingam, K. L. Averett, J. Gao, G. J. Brown, C. Vittoria, and V. G. Harris

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242502 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3446867 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2010

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Thick barium hexaferrite [BaO⋅(Fe2O3)6] films, having the magnetoplumbite structure (i.e., Ba M), were epitaxially grown on c-axis oriented GaN/Al2O3 substrates by pulsed laser deposition followed by liquid phase epitaxy. X-ray diffraction showed (0,0,2n) crystallographic alignment with pole figure analyses confirming epitaxial growth. High resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed magnetoplumbite unit cells stacked with limited interfacial mixing. Saturation magnetization, 4πMs, was measured for as-grown films to be 4.1±0.3 kG with a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field of 16±0.3 kOe. Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth, the peak-to-peak power absorption derivative at 53 GHz, was 86 Oe. These properties will prove enabling for the integration of low loss Ba M ferrite microwave passive devices with active semiconductor circuit elements in systems-on-a-wafer architecture.
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75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
81.15.Fg Pulsed laser ablation deposition
81.15.Lm Liquid phase epitaxy; deposition from liquid phases (melts, solutions, and surface layers on liquids)
78.70.Gq Microwave and radio-frequency interactions
76.50.+g Ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferrimagnetic resonances; spin-wave resonance
68.55.-a Thin film structure and morphology

Ferromagnetism of double-walled carbon nanotubes

Der-Chung Yan, Shih-Yun Chen, Maw-Kuen Wu, C. C. Chi, J. H. Chao, and Malcolm L. H. Green

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242503 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3453867 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 14 June 2010

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The pure double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) and two endohedral DWNTs (DWNTs with materials filled inside) are produced. The filling materials are CoI2 and KI, respectively. The ferromagnetism (FM) is observed in pure DWNTs. The content of residual catalyst Fe is too small to be responsible for the observed FM. On the other hand, after filling KI or CoI2 into the tubes, over 87% of FM is suppressed. This suggests that the origin of FM in nanotubes is mainly from the hydrogen chemisorptions induced in the process of acid purification. With the knowledge of FM origin, it is then possible to enhance FM of carbon nanotubes or graphene for applications relying on magnetism.
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75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
82.65.+r Surface and interface chemistry; heterogeneous catalysis at surfaces
75.30.Cr Saturation moments and magnetic susceptibilities
61.46.Fg Nanotubes
68.43.-h Chemisorption/physisorption: adsorbates on surfaces

Phase control of magnetic state of graphite thin films by electric field

Minoru Otani, Yoshiteru Takagi, Mikito Koshino, and Susumu Okada

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242504 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455069 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 15 June 2010

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Based on first-principle total-energy calculations, we have found that by applying an external electric field it is possible to control the magnetic state of graphite thin film with the rhombohedral stacking arrangement. When exposed to a moderate electric field normal to the film, the surface of a thin film of rhombohedral graphite undergoes a magnetic phase transition from the antiferromagnetic state to the ferromagnetic state. The polarized electron spin is primarily distributed in the bottommost layer of the film, which forms the interface with the negative electrode. The amount of polarized electron spin is calculated to be 0.067 μB/nm2. The ferromagnetic ordering with the characteristic distribution of the polarized electron spin opens the possibility of using graphite thin films in electronic devices with spin degree of freedom.
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75.70.Ak Magnetic properties of monolayers and thin films
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
75.25.-j Spin arrangements in magnetically ordered materials (including neutron and spin-polarized electron studies, synchrotron-source x-ray scattering, etc.)
72.25.-b Spin polarized transport

Strong crystalline field at the Fe site and spin rotation in olivine LiNi0.99 57Fe0.01 PO4 material by Mössbauer spectroscopy

Woochul Kim, Chan Hyuk Rhee, Hyung Joon Kim, Seung Je Moon, and Chul Sung Kim

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242505 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455312 (3 pages) | Cited 7 times

Online Publication Date: 15 June 2010

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The crystal structure of LiNi0.99 57Fe0.01 PO4 compound has been determined to be orthorhombic by Rietveld refinement method. Temperature dependence of magnetization M shows an anomalous antiferromagnetic behavior. A sudden change in both the magnitude of magnetic hyperfine field and its slope below 11 K suggests that magnetic phase transition related to the spin ordering takes place abruptly. From the result of Mössbauer measurement, it is shown that a strong electric crystalline field of octahedral symmetry including the contribution of spin-orbit coupling and magnetic hyperfine field by space-modulated spin structure is acted to the sites of Fe2+ ions simultaneously at low temperature.
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75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
76.80.+y Mössbauer effect; other γ-ray spectroscopy
75.30.Wx Spin crossover
75.40.Cx Static properties (order parameter, static susceptibility, heat capacities, critical exponents, etc.)
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)
71.70.Ej Spin-orbit coupling, Zeeman and Stark splitting, Jahn-Teller effect

Coexistence of inverse and normal magnetocaloric effect in A-site ordered NdBaMn2O6

Q. Zhang, F. Guillou, A. Wahl, Y. Bréard, and V. Hardy

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242506 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3453657 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 15 June 2010

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NdBaMn2O6 exhibits a sequence of two following magnetic transitions: a second-order paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition at TC = 290 K, followed by a first-order ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic transition around TN = 210 K, leading to normal and inverse magnetocaloric effects (MCE), respectively. For ΔB = 5 T, the combined |−ΔSMmax| around TC and TN is found to be 2.5 J/kg K and 1.4 J/kgK, respectively. Moreover, the presence of these two −ΔSM peaks spanning over a broad range of temperature leads to a remarkably wide working temperature region, yielding a significant performance in terms of refrigerant efficiency. The present study demonstrates that adjusting the degree of A-site cation ordering in perovskite oxides is an efficient strategy to induce room-temperature MCE.
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75.30.Sg Magnetocaloric effect, magnetic cooling
75.30.Kz Magnetic phase boundaries (including classical and quantum magnetic transitions, metamagnetism, etc.)

The role of anomalous Hall effect in diluted magnetic semiconductors and oxides

H. S. Hsu, C. P. Lin, S. J. Sun, and H. Chou

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242507 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3431294 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 17 June 2010

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A serious debate has arisen in the development of spintronics regarding contradictory findings on whether or not anomalous Hall effect (AHE) represents the spin polarization nature of carriers in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and oxides (DMO). Based on our results and on the common AHE characteristics of others reports, here we suggest that only those AHEs for DMSs or DMO which match quantitatively with the magnetic hysteresis loop and which follow the 1.6 scaling relation represent the spin polarization nature of carriers. However, these criteria cannot be used to determine the percentage of magnetic precipitation or of the spin polarized current.
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72.20.My Galvanomagnetic and other magnetotransport effects
75.50.Pp Magnetic semiconductors
75.60.Ej Magnetization curves, hysteresis, Barkhausen and related effects
72.25.-b Spin polarized transport
81.30.Mh Solid-phase precipitation

Coexistence of sign reversal of both magnetization and exchange bias field in the core-shell type La0.2Ce0.8CrO3 nanoparticles

P. K. Manna, S. M. Yusuf, R. Shukla, and A. K. Tyagi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242508 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3453530 (3 pages) | Cited 11 times

Online Publication Date: 18 June 2010

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We report an extraordinary coexistence of sign reversal of both magnetization and exchange bias field in the La0.2Ce0.8CrO3 nanoparticles. From the high resolution transmission electron microscopy image, and field dependence of thermoremanent and isothermoremanent magnetization measurements, the nanoparticles are found to be of core-shell nature. The core-shell configuration with an antiferromagnetic core of the Cr3+ and Ce3+ spins and a disordered shell with the uncompensated spins, explains the sign reversal of both magnetization and exchange bias field. The present study shows an excellent way of tuning the sign of both magnetization and exchange bias field in a single magnetic system.
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75.60.Jk Magnetization reversal mechanisms
61.46.Df Structure of nanocrystals and nanoparticles ("colloidal" quantum dots but not gate-isolated embedded quantum dots)
75.75.-c Magnetic properties of nanostructures

Out-of-plane magnetic patterning on austenitic stainless steels using plasma nitriding

E. Menéndez, J.-C. Stinville, C. Tromas, C. Templier, P. Villechaise, J.-P. Rivière, M. Drouet, A. Martinavičius, G. Abrasonis, J. Fassbender, M. D. Baró, J. Sort, and J. Nogués

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 242509 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3453567 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 18 June 2010

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A correlation between the grain orientation and the out-of-plane magnetic properties of nitrogen-enriched polycrystalline austenitic stainless steel surface is performed. Due to the competition between the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, the exchange and dipolar interactions, and the residual stresses induced by nitriding, the resulting effective magnetic easy-axis can lay along unusual directions. It is also demonstrated that, by choosing an appropriate stainless steel texturing, arrays of ferromagnetic structures with out-of-plane magnetization, embedded in a paramagnetic matrix, can be produced by local plasma nitriding through shadow masks.
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75.70.Rf Surface magnetism
75.50.Bb Fe and its alloys
68.35.bd Metals and alloys
68.35.Gy Mechanical properties; surface strains
75.30.Et Exchange and superexchange interactions
52.77.-j Plasma applications
75.30.Gw Magnetic anisotropy
81.65.Lp Surface hardening: nitridation, carburization, carbonitridation
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