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21 Jun 2010

Volume 96, Issue 25, Articles (25xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251901 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455157 (3 pages)

Yongsam Kim, Ankit S. Disa, Timur E. Babakol, and Joel D. Brock
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Metal-cavity surface-emitting microlaser at room temperature

Chien-Yao Lu, Shu-Wei Chang, Shun Lien Chuang, Tim D. Germann, and Dieter Bimberg

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3455316 (3 pages) | Cited 24 times

Online Publication Date: 21 June 2010

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We propose and realize a substrate-free metal-cavity surface-emitting microlaser with both top and sidewall metal and a bottom distributed Bragg reflector as the cavity structure. The transfer-matrix method is used to design the laser structure based on the round-trip resonance condition inside the cavity. The laser is 2.0 μm in diameter and 2.5 μm in height, and operates at room temperature with continuous-wave mode. Flip-bonding the device to a silicon substrate with a conductive metal provides efficient heat removal. A high characteristic temperature about 425 K is observed from 10 to 27 °C.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Da Resonators, cavities, amplifiers, arrays, and rings
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers
42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

Role of mode coupling on transmission properties of subwavelength composite hole-patch structures

Changlei Wang, Jianqiang Gu, Jiaguang Han, Qirong Xing, Zhen Tian, Feng Liu, Lu Chai, Yanfeng Li, Minglie Hu, Qingyue Wang, Xinchao Lu, and Weili Zhang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3456377 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 21 June 2010

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We report the coupling between surface plasmons and dipole-localized surface plasmons in a composite hole-patch structure at terahertz frequencies. The coupling is found to be changed by increasing the inner patch size, which causes prominent resonance frequency shift in the enhanced transmission. The experimental results show good agreement with numerical simulation. The study clarifies well the nature of coupling between surface plasmons and dipole-localized surface plasmons and is thus of help to identify the role of surface plasmons in the enhanced transmission observed in subwavelength metallic structures.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)

Enhancement of light extraction from GaN-based green light-emitting diodes using selective area photonic crystal

Ja-Yeon Kim, Min-Ki Kwon, Seong-Ju Park, Sang Hoon Kim, and Ki-Dong Lee

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3454240 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 22 June 2010

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We report the development of a GaN-based green light-emitting diode (LED) with a selective area photonic crystal (SPC) structure, which was formed outside the p-bonding electrode on p-GaN. As a result, the optical output power of LEDs with SPC was enhanced by 78% compared to that without PC. In addition, the forward voltage, series resistance, and leakage current of LEDs with SPC were remarkably improved. These results show that the light extraction efficiency of green LEDs can be greatly increased using the SPC structure, with no degradation of electrical properties.
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85.60.Jb Light-emitting devices

High performance optical absorber based on a plasmonic metamaterial

Jiaming Hao, Jing Wang, Xianliang Liu, Willie J. Padilla, Lei Zhou, and Min Qiu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3442904 (3 pages) | Cited 74 times

Online Publication Date: 22 June 2010

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High absorption efficiency is particularly desirable at present for various microtechnological applications including microbolometers, photodectors, coherent thermal emitters, and solar cells. Here we report the design, characterization, and experimental demonstration of an ultrathin, wide-angle, subwavelength high performance metamaterial absorber for optical frequencies. Experimental results show that an absorption peak of 88% is achieved at the wavelength of ∼ 1.58 μm, though theoretical results give near perfect absorption.
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78.67.Bf Nanocrystals, nanoparticles, and nanoclusters
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
78.20.Ci Optical constants (including refractive index, complex dielectric constant, absorption, reflection and transmission coefficients, emissivity)

Time-resolved analysis of catastrophic optical damage in 975 nm emitting diode lasers

Martin Hempel, Mathias Ziegler, Jens W. Tomm, Thomas Elsaesser, Nicolas Michel, and Michel Krakowski

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251105 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3456388 (3 pages) | Cited 5 times

Online Publication Date: 22 June 2010

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Catastrophic optical damage (COD) is analyzed during single current pulse excitation of 975 nm emitting diode lasers. Power transients and thermal images are monitored during each pulse. The COD process is unambiguously related to the occurrence of a “thermal flash” of Planck’s radiation. We observe COD to ignite multiple times in subsequent pulses. Thermography allows for tracing a spatial motion of the COD site on the front facet of the devices. The time constant of power decay after the onset of COD has values from 400 to 2000 ns, i.e., an order of magnitude longer than observed for shorter-wavelength devices.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
85.35.Be Quantum well devices (quantum dots, quantum wires, etc.)
42.87.-d Optical testing techniques
42.65.Re Ultrafast processes; optical pulse generation and pulse compression

Tuning the photoluminescence characteristics with curvature for rolled-up GaAs quantum well microtubes

Ik Su Chun, Kevin Bassett, Archana Challa, and Xiuling Li

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3456098 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 23 June 2010

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III-V microtubes and nanotubes are formed by a strain-induced self-rolling process. We report room-temperature photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of such microtubes with embedded GaAs quantum-well structures and wall thickness as thin as 38 nm. Rolled-up tubes show dramatic PL intensity enhancement compared to their planar counterparts. Holey tubes, formed using patterned membranes, display further increase in intensity implying better light extraction efficiency with the air holes. Systematic shift of PL peak position as a function of tube curvature, attributed to strain induced band structure change, is established.
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78.55.Cr III-V semiconductors
81.16.-c Methods of micro- and nanofabrication and processing
78.67.Ch Nanotubes
78.67.De Quantum wells
68.65.Fg Quantum wells

InAs/GaSb type-II superlattice structures and photodiodes grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Yong Huang, Jae-Hyun Ryou, Russell D. Dupuis, Adam Petschke, Martin Mandl, and Shun-Lien Chuang

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251107 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3456386 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 23 June 2010

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We report on the characterization and performance of epitaxial structures and photodiodes based on InAs/GaSb type-II superlattices grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Interfacial layers were introduced at the superlattice interfaces to compensate the tensile strain and hence to improve the overall material quality of the superlattice structures. The optimal morphology and low strain was achieved via a combined interfacial layer scheme with InAsSb+InGaSb layers. Using this scheme, a p-i-n photodiode structure with a 360-period InAs/GaSb superlattice was grown on a GaSb substrate, which operates at 78 K with a cut-off wavelength of ∼ 8 μm and a peak responsivity of 0.6 A/W at ∼ 6 μm.
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81.05.Ea III-V semiconductors
81.15.Gh Chemical vapor deposition (including plasma-enhanced CVD, MOCVD, ALD, etc.)
85.60.Dw Photodiodes; phototransistors; photoresistors
68.60.Bs Mechanical and acoustical properties
68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness

Continuous photocontrolled deformable membrane mirror

U. Bortolozzo, S. Bonora, J. P. Huignard, and S. Residori

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251108 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3457443 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 24 June 2010

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We present a deformable mirror that is composed by a metalized membrane with a monolithic nonpixelated photoconductive Bi12SiO20 substrate. The assembly constitutes a continuous photocontrolled deformable mirror and is driven through suitable light intensity distributions illuminating the photoconductive element. The continuous deformation of the reflective surface provides an all-optical and dynamical control of the incoming wave front, without spatial segmentation and with a deformation as large as a few microns.
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42.79.Bh Lenses, prisms and mirrors

On chip, high-sensitivity thermal sensor based on high-Q polydimethylsiloxane-coated microresonator

Bei-Bei Li, Qing-Yan Wang, Yun-Feng Xiao, Xue-Feng Jiang, Yan Li, Lixin Xiao, and Qihuang Gong

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251109 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3457444 (3 pages) | Cited 9 times

Online Publication Date: 25 June 2010

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A high-sensitivity thermal sensing is demonstrated by coating a layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on the surface of a silica toroidal microresonator on a silicon wafer. Possessing high-Q whispering gallery modes (WGMs), the PDMS-coated microresonator is highly sensitive to the temperature change in the surroundings. We find that, when the PDMS layer becomes thicker, the WGM experiences a transition from redshift to blueshift with temperature increasing due to the negative thermal-optic coefficient of PDMS. The measured sensitivity (0.151 nm/K) is one order of magnitude higher than pure silica microcavity sensors. The ultrahigh resolution of the thermal sensor is also analyzed to reach 10−4 K.
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07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing
42.79.Pw Imaging detectors and sensors
07.10.Cm Micromechanical devices and systems

Photoemission from localized surface plasmons in fractal metal nanostructures

R. C. Word, T. Dornan, and R. Könenkamp

Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 251110 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3457921 (3 pages) | Cited 8 times

Online Publication Date: 25 June 2010

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We use photoemission microscopy to characterize localized surface plasmon distributions in nanostructured gold layers on indium-tin-oxide/glass substrates. The Au films have a fractal dimension of ∼ 1.3 and smallest feature sizes of ∼ 100 nm. We use femtosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of ∼ 800 nm for the plasmon excitation. Photoelectron emission occurs by a three-photon process in localized areas of indium-tin-oxide with ∼ 70 nm diameter. In these areas the photoemission rate is enhanced several thousand fold compared to nonstructured surface areas. The results show that plasmon enhanced photoemission can be induced in a nonabsorbing material in proximity to a plasmon-active metal nanostructure.
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73.20.Mf Collective excitations (including excitons, polarons, plasmons and other charge-density excitations)
79.60.-i Photoemission and photoelectron spectra
73.22.Lp Collective excitations
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