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Applied Physics Letters / Volume 96 / Issue 9 / MAGNETISM AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 092504 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3337096 (3 pages)

Vector magnetic field microscopy using nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond

B. J. Maertz1, A. P. Wijnheijmer1,2, G. D. Fuchs1, M. E. Nowakowski1, and D. D. Awschalom1

1Center for Spintronics and Quantum Computation, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
2Department of Applied Physics, COBRA Inter-University Research Institute, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands

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(Received 4 Dec 2009; accepted 8 Feb 2010; published online 1 Mar 2010)

The localized spin triplet ground state of a nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond can be used in atomic-scale detection of local magnetic fields. Here we present a technique using ensembles of these defects in diamond to image fields around magnetic structures. We extract the local magnetic field vector by probing resonant transitions of the four fixed tetrahedral NV orientations. In combination with confocal microscopy techniques, we construct a two-dimensional image of the local magnetic field vectors. Measurements are done in external fields less than 50 G and under ambient conditions.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

diamond, ground states, magnetic fields, triplet state, vacancies (crystal)

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3337096

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$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
(a) Schematic of sample orientation showing the (110) diamond surface (blue plane) along with two NV symmetry axes (blue arrows). The red plane, perpendicular to the surface, contains the other two NV axes. The black square represents the patterned permalloy structure. Crystallographic directions of the diamond are depicted as well as the Cartesian coordinate system. (b) Level structure of NV complex. (c) Typical ESR spectrum (solid black) and Lorentzian fits (dashed red). The splittings of the three NV directions are extracted from fits. (d) Optical image of the sample showing 20×20 μm2 permalloy square with 75 μm diameter microwave antenna on diamond.

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
Images of the magnetic field vectors around the permalloy (a) square and (b) triangle measured in an external field of 45 G. Arrow’s size and direction represent the x-y vector, while z is depicted with color. Each vector refers to one ESR spectrum, averaged for ∼ 10 minutes. To get a sense of scale, the circled field vector is [1.36±0.13,2.48±0.22,1.76±0.09] G.

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
Hysteresis of the permalloy rectangle as measured by MOKE (a) and ESR (b). Increasing (decreasing) magnetic field sweep is in black (red). Vector field image of the field lines around the rectangle with the magnetization in the negative (c) and the positive x-direction (d).

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint



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