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5 Jul 2010

Volume 97, Issue 1, Articles (01xxxx)

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Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 013301 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3458867 (3 pages)

M. Uno, Y. Hirose, T. Uemura, K. Takimiya, Y. Nakazawa, and J. Takeya
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Exciton and electron-hole plasma lasing in ZnO dodecagonal whispering-gallery-mode microcavities at room temperature

J. Dai, C. X. Xu, P. Wu, J. Y. Guo, Z. H. Li, and Z. L. Shi

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011101 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460281 (3 pages) | Cited 14 times

Online Publication Date: 6 July 2010

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Dodecagonal ZnO microrods were fabricated by vapor transport method. A dodecagonal ZnO microrod with diameter of 6.35 μm was employed as a whispering gallery mode microcavity, the low threshold exciton lasing was stimulated. In another smaller microrod, the electron-hole plasma lasing was observed under intense excitation as the carrier density was larger than the Mott transition density. The interference condition in the dodecagonal cavity was deduced, and the mode structures were investigated. Compared to the hexagonal microcavity with same diameter, the dodecagonal microcavity has higher lasing performance.
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72.30.+q High-frequency effects; plasma effects
71.35.Ee Electron-hole drops and electron-hole plasma
42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers

Optically induced fast wavelength modulation in a quantum cascade laser

Gang Chen, Rainer Martini, Seong-wook Park, Clyde G. Bethea, I.-Chun A. Chen, P. D. Grant, R. Dudek, and H. C. Liu

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011102 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3457871 (3 pages) | Cited 4 times

Online Publication Date: 7 July 2010

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An optically induced fast wavelength shift is demonstrated in a standard middle infrared (MIR) quantum cascade laser (QCL) by illuminating the front facet with a femtosecond (fs) near infrared (NIR) laser, allowing fast optical frequency modulation (FM) for free space optical communication (FSOC) and FM spectroscopy. Using an etalon as a narrow band-pass wavelength filter, the wavelength modulation (WM) was clearly observed at frequencies up to 1.67 GHz. This approach can also be used for wavelength conversion and might be extended to QCLs operating in different wavelength regions.
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42.55.Px Semiconductor lasers; laser diodes
42.60.By Design of specific laser systems
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking

InGaN/GaN self-organized quantum dot green light emitting diodes with reduced efficiency droop

Meng Zhang, Pallab Bhattacharya, and Wei Guo

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011103 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460921 (3 pages) | Cited 21 times

Online Publication Date: 7 July 2010

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High density (2–5×1010 cm−2) self-organized InGaN/GaN quantum dots were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Room temperature photoluminescence shows that the quantum dots have strong emission ranging from 430 to 524 nm. The internal quantum efficiency of dots emitting at 500 nm was determined to be 32% by temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements. A recombination lifetime of 0.57 ns is derived from time resolved photoluminescence measurements. These superior optical properties are attributed to a small piezoelectric field in the quantum dots. Light emitting diodes fabricated with the InGaN/GaN quantum dots and emitting at λ = 524 nm demonstrate a small blueshift with current injection and reduced efficiency droop.
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81.07.Ta Quantum dots
82.53.Kp Coherent spectroscopy of atoms and molecules
81.40.Tv Optical and dielectric properties related to treatment conditions

Long exciton spin relaxation in coupled quantum wells

K. Kowalik-Seidl, X. P. Vögele, B. N. Rimpfl, S. Manus, J. P. Kotthaus, D. Schuh, W. Wegscheider, and A. W. Holleitner

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011104 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3458703 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 8 July 2010

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Spatially indirect excitons in a coupled quantum well structure were studied by means of polarization and time-resolved photoluminescence. A strong degree of circular polarization (>50%) in emission was achieved when the excitation energy was tuned into resonance with the direct exciton state. The indirect transition remained polarized several tens of nanoseconds after the pumping laser pulse, demonstrating directly a very long relaxation time of exciton spin. The observed spin relaxation time exceeds the radiative lifetime of the indirect excitons.
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78.67.De Quantum wells
72.20.Jv Charge carriers: generation, recombination, lifetime, and trapping
78.55.-m Photoluminescence, properties and materials
71.35.-y Excitons and related phenomena

Characterization of sensing capability of optofluidic ring resonator biosensors

Hao Li and Xudong Fan

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011105 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3462296 (3 pages) | Cited 17 times

Online Publication Date: 9 July 2010

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The sensing capability of the capillary-based optofluidic ring resonator in bulk refractive index (RI) detection and label-free small molecule detection is investigated. In bulk RI detection, a sensitivity of 570 nm/refractive index units (RIU) is achieved with a Q-factor of 1.2×105. A change of 2.8×10−7 RIU is observed with the noise equivalent detection limit (NEDL) of 3.8×10−8 RIU. In small molecule detection, 10 nM biotin is detected with surface mass density of 1.6 pg/mm2. The NEDL is approximately 0.14 pg/mm2. These results set the benchmark for ring resonator sensing performance and compare very favorably with those obtained with other label-free optical sensors.
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87.80.-y Biophysical techniques (research methods)
87.15.-v Biomolecules: structure and physical properties
07.60.Hv Refractometers and reflectometers
07.07.Df Sensors (chemical, optical, electrical, movement, gas, etc.); remote sensing

Polarization based control of optical hysteresis in coupled GaAs microdisks

S. N. Ghosh, B. B. Buckley, C. G. L. Ferri, X. Li, F. M. Mendoza, Y. K. Verma, N. Samarth, D. D. Awschalom, and S. Ghosh

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3462309 (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 9 July 2010

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Optical microresonators crafted from semiconducting materials are powerful systems for both understanding and harnessing the interactions between light and matter. We report an all-optical method of controlling the hysteretic emission of evanescently coupled GaAs microdisk pairs. Under partial excitation, the coupled lasing emission demonstrates optical bistability caused by saturable absorption. We observe that the presence of hysteresis can be modulated by the polarization state of the incident excitation. This optical control is an important functionality which, if extended to a large array, could lead to the creation of optical flip-flop and gated logic devices with multinode capabilities.
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42.55.Sa Microcavity and microdisk lasers
42.60.Fc Modulation, tuning, and mode locking
42.65.Pc Optical bistability, multistability, and switching, including local field effects

Laser initiated thermal tuning of a cholesteric liquid crystal

Lalgudi V. Natarajan, Timothy J. White, Jeremy M. Wofford, Vincent P. Tondiglia, Richard L. Sutherland, Stephen A. Siwecki, and Timothy J. Bunning

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011107 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3459957 (3 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 9 July 2010

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We report on the large wavelength range and light-initiated thermal tuning of the reflection of a liquid crystal (LC) formulation (S811/ZLI-2806) near a smectic (SmA) to cholesteric (CLC) phase transition enabled by the use of a high order parameter heat transfer dye (anthraquinone, AQ). Upon irradiation with a 647 nm Krypton ion (Kr+) laser line, absorption by AQ generates heat that is transferred to the surrounding LC host. In the S811/ZLI-2806 formulation examined here, the optically generated increase in temperature serves to transition the phase from SmA to CLC. As has been documented, the SmA→CLC transition is typified by a pitch contraction that blueshifts the position of the CLC reflection, in this case a shift from 2500 to 700 nm that can occur in less than 100 s. The tuning range and speed are dependent on the laser power and the amount of dye in the cell.
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64.70.mj Experimental studies of liquid crystal transitions
78.15.+e Optical properties of fluid materials, supercritical fluids and liquid crystals
77.84.Nh Liquids, emulsions, and suspensions; liquid crystals
61.30.-v Liquid crystals
61.80.Ba Ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation effects (including laser radiation)
78.20.nb Photothermal effects

Interacting waves on chains of split-ring resonators in the presence of retardation

V. Lomanets, O. Zhuromskyy, G. Onishchukov, O. Sydoruk, E. Tatartschuk, E. Shamonina, G. Leuchs, and U. Peschel

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011108 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3462314 (3 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 9 July 2010

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Wave propagation is studied experimentally in a one-dimensional periodic chain of magnetically coupled split-ring resonators with a spacing of about one tenth of the resonant wavelength. Retardation leads to a strong interaction between magnetoinductive and free-space waves. Two kinds of guided modes are observed: a slow backward wave which propagates far outside the light cone, and a fast forward wave close to the light cone. The two merge in a region of zero group velocity. The results are relevant for all one- and two-dimensional periodic systems interacting with waves of the surrounding space.
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78.67.Pt Multilayers; superlattices; photonic structures; metamaterials
42.70.Nq Other nonlinear optical materials; photorefractive and semiconductor materials

Experimental determination of the quadratic nonlinear magnetic susceptibility of a varactor-loaded split ring resonator metamaterial

Stéphane Larouche, Alec Rose, Ekaterina Poutrina, Da Huang, and David R. Smith

Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 011109 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3460919 (3 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 9 July 2010

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This letter presents a quantitative measurement of the second harmonic generated by a slab of varactor loaded split ring resonator metamaterial and the retrieval of the effective quadratic nonlinear magnetic susceptibility χm(2) using an approach based on transfer matrices. The retrieved value of χm(2) is in excellent agreement with that predicted by an analytical effective medium theory model.
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81.05.Xj Metamaterials for chiral, bianisotropic and other complex media
84.40.Az Waveguides, transmission lines, striplines
84.32.Tt Capacitors
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